Listen to this articlejiǎmíng 假名
Prajñapti / Designation
赋予虚妄现象的名称。佛教的一些派别主张，事物不实在，但之所以呈现出种种差别，是因为对它们进行概念指称后，将名称所指误当作真实存在的对象。而事实上，一切事物由各种条件和合而成，在概念思维的观察作用下才得其名称，其名并无实可当，故谓假名。
“Designation” is the provisional naming that refers to things that lack any intrinsic nature. In Buddhism, some schools argue that nothing in the universe exists. The reason why things appear to be different from each other is that as soon as they are designated by different names, what the names refer to are mistaken as the distinctive objects that exist in reality. But the truth is that things are all made by the combination of certain conditions and circumstances and gain their names through superimposition of conceptions. Since the names of things cannot correspond to anything real, the names are known as mere “designations.”
引例 Citation：
◎如说三界，但有假名。瓶等粗觉既除遣已，知从名言而有其事。善观察者能了知已，即于绳处蛇怖除遣。（陈那《掌中论》）
（若说到三界中的事物，其实都只是假名。如消除了“瓶”等的观念之后，便能理解其实是因为有了“瓶”等的名称才有其事物。善于观察的人如果明白了这点，便能消除一见到绳索就产生的对蛇的恐惧。）
When explaining the three realms, one just has mere designations. When the coarse cognition, like “a bottle,” has been done away with, one knows that there appears to be this entity because of the term. Those who have carefully observed and understood the case will do away with (false cognitions such as) the fear of a snake while there is but a rope. (Dignāga: Balled Hand Treatise)
