wúwǒ 无我
Anātman / Egolessness
没有真实存在的自我。佛教认为所谓的轮回主体并不真实存在,故称“无我”。无我的理念最初针对主流的婆罗门教思想,该教派认为在变幻复杂的个体经验之下,有一个恒常不变的自我。佛教则提出,所谓的“我”仅仅是诸多心理、物理现象的聚合。这种观念后来拓展到生命个体以外的范畴,说人、法皆无我,即任何事物都没有持久不变的核心本质或实在自体。
This notion means that there is no really existing self. Buddhism holds that a so-called subject in the reincarnation does not exist at all. That is why it is called “egolessness.” This idea was originally directed against the thinking of the then-popular Brahmanism. This religion assumes that in the unpredictable and complex subjective experience there is a permanent and unchanging self. Whereas Buddhism holds that the so-called “I” is just an aggregate of many psychological and physical phenomena. The idea was later extended to areas beyond the subject in life, that is, people and other existence are all egoless. Namely nothing has an enduring and constant core essence or a real self.
引例 Citation:
◎所有菩萨深解无我及无我所,是故能舍身根、命根。(《悲华经》卷四)
(所有的菩萨都深刻理解既不存在“我”也不存在“我”持有的任何观念,所以能舍弃自己的身体和生命。)
All Buddhas fully comprehend that there is neither ego nor anything belonging to a self. That is why they can give up the faculty body and the faculty life. (Scriptural Text: Lotus of Compassion)