zhíxún 直寻
Direct Quest
诗人即兴而感,直接抒写。这是南朝钟嵘《诗品》中针对诗歌过多使用典故的现象提出的创作主张,他汲取了道家的自然思想,通过考察前人的优秀诗篇,提炼出一种新的诗歌创作方式——“直寻”,即直接描写所感知事物,直接抒发内心情感并创造出情景契合的审美意象。明清时期诗学的“性灵说”受到其影响。
A poet should directly express his thoughts and sentiments when he is inspired. This is a concept for writing poems proposed by poetry critic Zhong Rong of the Southern Dynasties in his work “The Critique of Poetry” as a reaction to the excessive use of allusions and quotes from earlier works. Inspired by naturalist ideas of Daoism and by his own reading of the fine works of earlier poets, he developed a new form of poetic creation which he named “direct quest.” By this, he meant directly describing matters that one senses and learns about, directly expressing one’s inner feelings, and creating aesthetic images in which the sensibilities match up with current realities. The theory of natural disposition and intelligence used in Ming- and Qing-dynasty poetics was influenced by this idea.
引例 Citations:
◎观古今胜语,多非补假,皆由直寻。(钟嵘《诗品序》)
(综观古今名篇佳句,大都不是借用前人诗句或使用典故,而是直接从自身体验中寻求而得。)
A comprehensive survey of the best-known works of ancient and current poets shows that most of the poets did not borrow favored lines or literary allusions from their predecessors, but directly sought inspirations from their personal experiences. (Zhong Rong: Preface to “The Critique of Poetry”)
◎我手写我口,古岂能拘牵?(黄遵宪《杂感五首》之二)
(我要用我的文字来表达我想说的意思,怎么能够为古人文章的思想内容和文字形式所束缚?)
Since I want to use my own words to express my feelings, how can I let myself be bound by the content and forms of ancient writings? (Huang Zunxian: Five Poems on Random Thoughts)