萧娴 隶书:戴叔伦《兰溪棹歌》
【释文】凉月如眉挂柳湾,越中山色镜中看。兰溪三日桃花雨,半夜鲤鱼来上滩。
【款识】萧娴时年八十有一岁。
【注释】兰溪:兰溪江,也称兰江,浙江富春江上游一支流。棹(zhào)歌:船家摇橹时唱的歌。柳湾:种着柳树的河湾。越中:古代东南沿海一带称为越。桃花雨:江南春天桃花开时下的雨。
【简析】
兰溪,在今浙江兰溪县西南。棹歌,渔民的船歌。这首诗,仿拟民歌的韵致,以清新灵妙的笔触,写出兰溪一带的山水之美,渔家的欢快之情,宛如一支妙曲,一幅佳画。
首句“凉月如眉挂柳湾”是抬头仰望天空。“凉月”二字,既写出月色的秀朗,又点出春雨过后凉爽宜人的气候。“挂柳湾”,使人想象到月挂梢头,光泻兰溪,细绦弄影,溪月相映增辉的情景。第二句“越中山色镜中看”,是低头观看溪水,把兰溪山水写得极为飘逸迷人。“镜”,是喻溪水,并且暗示出月光的明洁,溪面的平静,水色的清澈。这里,诗人没有着意渲染疏星秀月,夹岸青山,只说了“镜中看”三字,而丰富的韵致恰恰就在这里。它启发读者去想象那幽雅的兰溪山色,在溪水的倒影中,摇曳生姿,朦胧而飘渺,使人如坠入仙境一般。淡淡的笔墨,描绘出一个多么美妙的艺术境界。
溪景诚然至美,然而对于泛舟溪上的渔人来说,最大的乐趣还在春潮渔汛:“兰溪三日桃花雨,半夜鲤鱼来上滩。”鲫鲤之类的淡水鱼,极爱新水(雨水)、逆流,一连三天的春雨,溪水猛涨,鱼群联翩而来。“桃花雨”不仅明示季节,更见美景快情:春水盎盎,鱼抢新水,调皮地涌上溪头浅滩,拨鳍摆尾,啪啪蹦跳,看到这种情景,怎不使人从心底漾起欢乐之情!
这首诗,从头至尾没有写到“人”,也没有写到“情”,而读来却使人感到景中有人,景中有情。诗人将山水的明丽动人,月色的清爽皎洁,渔民的欣快欢畅,淋漓尽致地展现在明澈秀丽的画卷中,读后给人以如临其境的美感。从诗的结构看,前二句是静景,后二句是动景,结句尤为生动传神,一笔勾勒,把整个画面画活了,使人感到美好的兰溪山水充满蓬勃生机,是全诗最精彩的点睛之笔。
【Simple Translation】
Lanxi, in the southwest of present-day Lanxi County, Zhejiang Province. Zhaoge, the boat song of fishermen. This poem, imitating the rhyme of a folk song, writes about the beauty of the landscape and the joyfulness of the fishermen in the area of Lanxi with fresh and delicate strokes, just like a wonderful song and a good painting.
The first line, “The cool moon hangs like eyebrows in Willow Bay,” is about looking up to the sky. The word “cool moon” not only brings out the beauty of the moon, but also points out the cool and pleasant climate after the spring rain. The word “Hanging Willow Bay” makes people imagine the scene where the moon hangs over the top of the river, the light cascades down the Orchid River, and the thin tapestries make shadows, and the river and the moon reflect each other’s brilliance. In the second line, “the mountains in the mountains look in the mirror”, it is to look down at the stream, and the landscape of Lanxi is written in an extremely elegant and charming way. The second line, “The mirror”, is a metaphor for the stream, and suggests the brightness of the moonlight, the calmness of the stream, and the clarity of the water. Here, the poet does not focus on the sparse stars and the moon, and the green hills on the banks of the river, but only on the three words “looking in the mirror”, where the rich rhythm lies. It inspires the reader to imagine the elegant colors of the mountains of Lanxi, swaying in the reflection of the stream, hazy and ethereal, making people fall into a fairyland. The light ink and brushstrokes depict such a wonderful artistic realm.
It is true that the scenery of the stream is beautiful, but for the fishermen on the stream, the greatest pleasure is in the spring tide fishing season: “Three days of peach blossom rain in the Orchid River, the carp came to the beach in the middle of the night.” Carp and other freshwater fish, love new water (rain), counter-current, a series of three days of spring rain, the stream water rose, the fish flocked to come. “The fish are so naughty that they are jumping on the shallows at the head of the stream, swinging their fins and tails and jumping!
From the beginning to the end of this poem, there are no “people” or “feelings”, but reading it makes people feel that there are people in the scene and feelings in the scene. The poet shows the beauty of the landscape, the freshness of the moon, and the happiness of the fishermen in a clear and beautiful painting, which gives people a sense of beauty after reading. From the structure of the poem, the first two lines are static scenes and the last two lines are dynamic scenes. The final lines are particularly vivid and evocative, with a single outline that brings the whole picture to life, making people feel that the beautiful landscape of Lanxi is full of vigorous vitality, which is the most wonderful finishing touch of the poem.