xiónghún 雄浑
Powerfulness
指雄健有力、浑厚自然的艺术风格与审美气象。“雄”侧重作品的气力;“浑”兼有浑厚、浑融、浑然诸义,侧重作品的风格、气象。道家认为“道”具有浑然天成的特点,“雄浑”即渊源于此。雄浑的形成,并非出于人为的故意安排,而是以作品蓄积的内在气力为基础,由内向外、自然生发的浑融雄阔的艺术风格。雄浑不能勉强得来,它与作者自身的修养、气质密切相关。就作品而言,语言的组织、词汇的选择、意象的呈现等诸多要素趋向于崇高宏伟,与阔大雄奇的思想意识浑融无间,从总体上表现为雄浑的审美风貌。
This term, which literally means power and splendor, refers to a natural and powerful artistic style and aesthetic taste. In Daoist terms, the Way features the great and vast power of nature, hence the term. Powerfulness is not deliberately created by the author. Rather, it is a majestic, forceful style of artistic expression flowing naturally from the inner strength built up in a work of art itself. Powerfulness cannot be achieved artificially; it has a great deal to do with an author’s disposition and self-cultivation. Such a work has a powerful style in terms of wording, syntactic structure or presentation of imagery. Giving full expression to the author’s emotions, it creates a powerful artistic impact.
引例 Citations:
◎大用外腓(féi),真体内充。返虚入浑,积健为雄。(司空图《二十四诗品·雄浑》)
(大道呈现于外显得雄浑阔大,真实的本体则充满于内。唯有返回虚静,内心才能到达浑然之境;积蓄精神力量,笔力才能雄放豪健。)
The immense appearance is an external manifestation of Dao, while true vitality permeates itself internally. Reverting to a tranquil void, one may gain fullness and amass inner strength, and he will produce powerful works. (Sikong Tu: Twenty-four Styles of Poetry)
◎大力无敌为雄,元气未分为浑。(杨廷芝《〈二十四诗品〉浅解》)
(力量刚健而无可匹敌为“雄”,元气浑融而不可区分为“浑”。)
Powerfulness means invincible power and indivisible mass of vital energy. (Yang Tingzhi: A Shallow Interpretation of Sikong Tu’s Twenty-four Styles of Poetry)