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学习，儒家认为它是成就道德生命的一种修养和教化方式。一般意义上的“学”主要指对知识的理解和掌握，而儒家所言之“学”则更多指向道德品性的养成。个人通过后天对经典和礼法的学习以及对圣贤的效法，不断培养、完善自身的德性，以成就理想的人格。道家则反对“学”，如老子主张“绝学无忧”，认为“学”会带来内心不必要的忧虑，乃至破坏人的自然状态。
To Confucianism, learning is the way to cultivate oneself to achieve moral integrity. The usual meaning of the term is to acquire knowledge and understanding, but for Confucianism it focuses more on the cultivation of moral and ethical qualities to achieve personal growth. Through learning classics and rites, and following the practices of sages, a person is able to cultivate and improve his moral standards and thus become a person of ideal qualities. Daoists, on the other hand, are against learning, and Laozi said that “fine-sounding arguments” only cause unnecessary worries, and can disrupt a person’s natural state of mind.
引例 Citations：
◎学而时习之，不亦说乎？（《论语·学而》）
（学习并按一定的时间实习所学的内容，不也是愉快的吗？）
Isn’t it a pleasure to learn and apply from time to time what one has learned? (The Analects)
◎君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。（《荀子·劝学》）
（君子广博地学习并且每日检查反省自己，那么他就会智慧明达而行为没有过错了。）
A man of virtue learns extensively, reflects upon and examines himself every day; he thus becomes wise and knowledgeable, and conducts himself properly. (Xunzi)
