怨刺 – Chinese philosophy and culture

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yuàncì 怨刺

Resentment and Sting

用文学形式表达对社会不公的不满及对统治者的讽刺劝谏。特指《诗经》中对时政和统治者进行批判和讽喻,表达诗人心中强烈怨愤与不平的诗作。汉代学者认为《诗经》中的“怨”是有节制的宣泄,“刺”则是积极意义上的规劝,因此将二者合成一个文学批评术语,肯定这类作品所具有的现实意义。唐宋以后,此术语有激烈批判和强烈怨恨的意味,不过核心内涵仍以向往政治清明、社会和谐为旨归。

This term means using a literary form to express resentment towards social injustice and satirize and admonish those in power. It especially refers to the poems in The Book of Songs, in which poets criticized and satirized the politics and the ruling class of the time to vent their indignation and resentment. Scholars in the Han Dynasty considered resentment in The Book of Songs as controlled venting and the satiric sting constructive admonishment. They therefore combined the two into a term of literary criticism with positive implication. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the term gained a connotation of intense criticism and indignation. However, the essential meaning was still a yearning for good governance and social harmony.

引例 Citation:

◎周道始缺,怨刺之诗起。王泽既竭,而诗不能作。(《汉书·礼乐志》)

(在周代仁义之道遭到破坏之后,开始出现表达不满之情和讽劝之意的诗歌。当帝王对百姓的恩德完全失去之后,人们就不再用诗歌表达心声了。)

When the benevolent way of ruling in the Zhou Dynasty was abandoned, there appeared poems that expressed resentment towards those in power and satirized or admonished them. When the king no longer cared for the general public, people stopped using poems to express what they had in mind. (The History of the Han Dynasty)

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