Listen to this articlechǐ 耻
Shame
羞耻，是一种重要的道德心理。在人们认同于某种道德的前提下，一旦发现自身的言行背离了道德的规范，就会自觉地产生愧疚、自责的心理，这即是所谓的“耻”。儒家将这种道德心理的建立，视为人伦教化的重要目标。儒家不只要求人们遵守外在的道德规范，还要求人们对于道德行为有着发自于内的认同，通过羞耻之心实现自我的道德约束。“耻”后来也用作对不道德言行的一种评价，即“可耻”。
Shame is an important part of moral psychology. Once there are commonly accepted morals and once people find that their own words and deeds violate those morals, they will consciously feel guilt and self-reproach – this is known as “shame.” Confucians considered the development of such a moral psychology to be an important goal of ethics education. In addition to wanting people to abide by external moral norms, they also wanted them to develop an internal awareness of moral behavior, and to achieve moral self-constraint through a sense of shame. This term was later used to judge immoral words and deeds, i.e., shameful.
引例 Citations：
◎子贡问曰：“何如斯可谓之士矣？”子曰：“行己有耻，使于四方，不辱君命，可谓士矣。”（《论语·子路》）
（子贡请教：“如何做才可以称为士？”孔子说：“对自己的言行保持羞耻之心，出使四方诸侯，不辱没君主赋予的使命，就可以称为士了。”）
Zigong asked, “What qualifies a person to be called a shi (roughly referring to those at the social stratum between the aristocracy and the common people)?” Confucius said, “He who conducts himself with a sense of shame, and does not disgrace the tasks entrusted by his sovereign when dispatched elsewhere, may be called a shi.” (The Analects)
◎子曰：“道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻。道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。”（《论语·为政》）
（孔子说：“用政令加以引导，用刑罚加以规范，民众能免于罪过，但没有羞耻之心。用道德加以引导，用礼义加以规范，民众不但有羞耻之心，而且能够自觉合于规范。”）
Confucius said, “If people are guided by governmental decree and made to behave themselves through punishments, they will avoid punishment, but will have no sense of shame. If they are guided by morality and behave themselves in accordance with social norms, they will have a sense of shame and will follow rules.” (The Analects)
