达名 – Chinese philosophy and culture

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dámíng 达名

Unrestricted Name

普遍事物的通名。“达名”是墨家所使用的一种名称类别。墨家注重对名的辨别,强调以恰当的名来指称事物,以实现名实相合。墨家将所用之名分为三类,即“达名”“类名”“私名”。“达名”是最普遍的名,如“物”之名。“物”即用以指称所有事物。

“Unrestricted name” is a term of classification used by the Mohist School. It is a general name for ordinary things. The Mohists stressed the importance of properly naming things in different ways to reflect their real nature. They had three ways of naming things: unrestricted, classified, and private. “Unrestricted name” is most general, such as the name “thing.” “Thing” is used to refer to all objects.

引例 Citations:

◎名,达、类、私。(《墨子·经上》)

(名,分为达名、类名、私名。)

A “name” consists of the unrestricted, classified, or private. (Mozi)

◎物,达也。有实必待文多[名]也。(《墨子·经说上》)

(“物”,是一个达名。实物必然需要以名来指称。)

“Thing” is unrestricted. An actually existing thing necessarily requires this name. (Mozi)

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