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秋兴八首·其四

杜甫 〔唐代〕

闻道长安似弈棋,百年世事不胜悲。
王侯第宅皆新主,文武衣冠异昔时。
直北关山金鼓振,征西车马羽书驰。
鱼龙寂寞秋江冷,故国平居有所思。

译文及注释

译文
听人谈起长安的政局真像在弈棋,百年的世事真叫人抑制不住伤悲。
王侯们的朱门甲第都换了新主,朝廷里的文臣武将已不同往时。
正北的关山金鼓震耳,征西的军队告急文书飞驰。
鱼龙都那么寂寞连秋江也凄冷,当年在长安的平静生活现在仍堪长思。

注释
闻道:听说。杜甫因离开京城日久,于朝廷政局的变化,不便直言,故云“闻道”。似弈棋:是说长安政局像下棋一样反复变化,局势不明。
百年:指代一生。此二句是杜甫感叹自身所经历的时局变化,像下棋一样反复无定,令人伤悲。
第宅:府第、住宅。新主:新的主人。
异昔时:指与旧日不同。此二句感慨今昔盛衰之种种变化,悲叹自己去京之后,朝官又换一拨。
北:正北,指与北边回纥之间的战事。金鼓振:指有战事,金鼓为军中以明号令之物。
征西:指与西边吐蕃之间的战事。
羽书:即羽檄,插着羽毛的军用紧急公文。驰:形容紧急。此二句谓西北吐蕃、回纥侵扰,边患不止,战乱频繁。
鱼龙:泛指水族。寂寞:指入秋之后,水族潜伏,不在波面活动。《水经注》:“鱼龙以秋冬为夜。”相传龙以秋为夜,秋分之后,潜于深渊。
故国:指长安。
平居:指平素之所居。末二句是说在夔州秋日思念旧日长安平居生活。

translation

When people talk about the political situation in Chang’an, it’s like playing chess. One can’t help feeling sad about the century old world.
All the princes and marquises of Zhumen Jiadi had new masters, and the civil servants and military officers in the court had changed from the past.
The gold drum of the Guanshan Mountain in the north was deafening, and the urgent documents of the army in the west galloped.
Fish and dragons are so lonely, even the Qiujiang River is cold. The peaceful life in Chang’an in those years is still worth thinking about.

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