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在大自然众多的景物中，雪可谓得天独厚。她以冰清玉洁的天赋丽质，装点关山的神奇本领，赢得古往今来无数诗人的赞美。在卷帙浩繁的咏雪篇章中，白居易这首《夜雪》，既没有色彩的刻画，也不作姿态的描摹，初看简直毫不起眼，但细细品味，就会发现它凝重古朴，清新淡雅。
这首诗新颖别致，立意不俗。咏雪诗中写夜雪的不多，因为雪无声无味，只能从颜色、形状、姿态见出分别，而在沉沉夜色里，人的视觉全然失去作用，雪的形象自然无从捕捉。然而，富于创新的白居易正是从这一特殊情况出发，跳出人们通常使用的正面描写的窠臼，全用侧面烘托，从而生动传神地再现出一场夜雪来。
“已讶衾枕冷”先从人的感觉写起，通过“冷”不仅点雪的存在，而且暗示雪大，因为初落雪时，空中的寒气全被水汽吸收以凝成雪花，气温不会骤降，待到雪大，才会加重空气中的严寒。这里已感衾冷，足见落雪已多时。不仅“冷”是写雪，“讶”也是在写雪，人之所以起初浑然不觉，待寒冷袭来才忽然醒悟，皆因雪落地无声，这就于“寒”之外见出雪的又一特点。此句扣题很紧，感到“衾枕冷”说明夜来人已拥衾而卧，从而说明是“夜雪”。“复见窗户明”，从视觉的角度进一步写夜雪。夜深却见窗明，正表明雪下得大、积得深，积雪的强烈反光给暗夜带来了亮光。以上全用侧面烘托，句句写人，却处处见出夜雪。
“夜深知雪重，时闻折竹声”这里仍用侧面描写，却转换角度从听觉写出。传来的积雪压折竹枝的声音，可知雪势有增无减。诗人有意选取“折竹”这一细节，托出“重”字，别有情致。“折竹声”于“ 夜深”而“时闻”，显示了冬夜的寂静，更主要的是表明了诗人的彻夜无眠；这不只为了“衾枕冷”而已，同时也传达出诗人谪居江州时心情的孤寂。由于诗人是怀着真情实感抒写自己独特的感受，才使得这首《夜雪》独具一格，诗意含蓄，韵味悠长。
全诗布局井然，层层推进，从触觉、视觉、听觉三个层次叙写，一波数折，曲尽其貌其势、其情其状。结尾句以有声衬托无声，使全诗的画面静中有动、隽永清新，真切地呈现出一个万籁俱寂、银装素裹的清宁世界，诗人彻夜无眠的孤寂也表露无遗。这首小诗充分体现了诗人通俗易懂、明白晓畅的语言特色。全诗诗境平易，浑成熨贴，无一点安排痕迹也不假纤巧雕琢，这正体现白居易诗歌一贯的风格。▲
appreciate
Among the numerous natural scenery, snow is advantaged by nature. She won the praise of countless poets through the ages with her pure and noble talent, beauty and magic ability to decorate Guanshan. In the voluminous snow chanting chapters, Bai Juyi’s “Snow at Night” does not depict colors or gestures. At first glance, it is simply inconspicuous, but if you taste it carefully, you will find that it is dignified, simple, fresh and elegant.
This poem is novel and unique, with a good conception. There are not many poems about snow at night. Because snow is silent and tasteless, we can only distinguish it from its color, shape and posture. In the heavy night, people’s vision completely loses its function, and the image of snow cannot be captured naturally. However, Bai Juyi, who is rich in innovation, just started from this special situation and jumped out of the stereotype of positive description commonly used by people, and set off with the side, so as to vividly reproduce a snow night.
“Surprised that the quilt and pillow are cold” starts from the feeling of people. Through “cold”, it not only points to the existence of snow, but also implies that snow is heavy. Because when it first falls, all the cold air in the air is absorbed by water vapor to condense into snowflakes, and the temperature will not drop suddenly. Only when the snow is heavy, can the cold in the air be aggravated. It is cold here, which shows that it has been snowing for a long time. Not only “cold” is writing about snow, but “surprised” is also writing about snow. The reason why people didn’t realize it at first and suddenly woke up after the cold hit is that snow fell silent, which is another feature of snow besides “cold”. This sentence is very tight. Feeling that “the quilt and pillow are cold” means that people who come at night have already embraced the quilt and lie down, thus indicating that it is “snow at night”. “See the window again”, further write the snow at night from the visual angle. The window is bright at night, which shows that the snow is heavy and deep, and the strong reflection of the snow brings light to the dark night. All of the above are set off by the side, and every sentence is written, but there is snow everywhere.
“The snow is heavy at night, and the sound of bamboo is heard when it breaks” is still described in profile, but it is written from an auditory perspective. The sound of snow breaking bamboo branches shows that the snow is increasing. The poet intentionally chose the detail of “folding bamboo” to express the word “heavy”. “The sound of bamboo folding” in the “deep night” and “when heard” shows the silence of winter nights, and more importantly, the poet’s sleepless nights; This is not only for “cold quilt and pillow”, but also to convey the loneliness of the poet when he was exiled to Jiangzhou. Because the poet expresses his unique feelings with true feelings, this poem “Snow at Night” is unique, poetic and lasting.
The whole poem is well arranged and advanced layer by layer. It is described from the three levels of touch, vision and hearing, with several twists and turns in a single wave, and its appearance and situation are fully reflected. The ending sentence sets off the silence with sound, making the picture of the whole poem static and dynamic, meaningful and fresh, and vividly presenting a quiet world of sound and snow, and the poet’s sleepless loneliness throughout the night. This little poem fully reflects the poet’s language characteristics of being easy to understand and clear. The whole poem is plain and smooth, without any trace of arrangement or false delicacy, which reflects the consistent style of Bai Juyi’s poetry. ▲
