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此诗是杜甫诗中的五律名篇，前人称为盛唐五律第一。从总体上看，江山的壮阔，在诗中互为表里。虽然悲伤，却不消沉；虽然沉郁，却不压抑。反映了其关心民生疾苦的风格。
首联虚实交错，今昔对照，从而扩大了时空领域。写早闻洞庭盛名，然而到暮年才实现目睹名湖的愿望，表面看有初登岳阳楼之喜悦，其实意在抒发早年抱负至今未能实现之情。用“昔闻”为“今上”蓄势，归根结底是为描写洞庭湖酝酿气氛。
颔联是洞庭的浩瀚无边。洞庭湖坼吴楚、浮日夜，波浪掀天，浩茫无际，真不知此老胸中吞几云梦！这是写洞庭湖的佳句，被王士禛赞为“雄跨今古”。写景如此壮阔，令人玩索不尽。
颈联写政治生活坎坷，漂泊天涯，怀才不遇的心情。“亲朋无一字”，得不到精神和物质方面的任何援助；“老病有孤舟”，从大历三年正月自夔州携带妻儿、乘舟出峡以来，既“老”且“病”，飘流湖湘，以舟为家，前途茫茫，何处安身，面对洞庭湖的汪洋浩淼，更加重了身世的孤危感。自叙如此落寞，于诗境极闷极狭的突变与对照中寓无限情意。
尾联写眼望国家动荡不安，自己报国无门的哀伤。上下句之间留有空白，引人联想。开端“昔闻洞庭水”的“昔”，当然可以涵盖诗人在长安一带活动的十多年时间。而这，在空间上正可与“关山北”拍合。“凭轩”与“今上”首尾呼应。
首联叙事，颔联描写，颈联抒情，尾联总结。通篇是“登岳阳楼”诗，却不局限于写“岳阳楼”与“洞庭水”。诗人屏弃眼前景物的精微刻画，从大处着笔，吐纳天地，心系国家安危，悲壮苍凉，催人泪下。时间上抚今追昔，空间上包吴楚、越关山。其身世之悲，国家之忧，浩浩茫茫，与洞庭水势融合无间，形成沉雄悲壮、博大深远的意境。
这首诗意境开阔宏伟，风格雄浑渊深，是杜甫诗中的五律名篇，前人称之为盛唐五律第一。从总体上看，江山的壮阔，与诗人胸襟的博大，在诗中互为表里。虽然悲伤，却不消沉；虽然沉郁，却不压抑。宋代胡仔《苕溪渔隐丛话》引蔡绦《西清诗话》说：“洞庭天下壮观，自昔骚人墨客，题之者众矣，……然未若孟浩然‘气蒸云梦泽，波撼岳阳城’，则洞庭空旷无际，气象雄张，如在目前。至读杜子美诗，则又不然。‘吴楚东南坼，乾坤日夜浮’，不知少陵胸中吞几云梦也。”
全诗纯用赋法，从头到尾都是叙述的笔调。以往一些学者认为诗用赋法，没有形象，没有诗味。事实上，赋法是诗歌形象化的重要手法，其特点是不注重诗的语言和局部事物的形象化，而着力创造诗的总体意境。《登岳阳楼》正是运用赋法创造艺术形象的典范。它所达到的艺术境界，已经使人不觉得有艺术方法的存在，甚至不觉得有语言的存在，只觉得诗人的思想感情撞击着心扉。
全诗以自叙和抒情为主，真挚感人；写景只是三，四两句，既是实写，又想象，一“坼”一“浮”，把洞庭湖的气象描绘得壮阔而又生动。 ▲
appreciate
This poem is a famous poem with five laws in Du Fu’s poems, which was called the first of the five laws in the flourishing Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of the country is seen in the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although gloomy, but not depressed. It reflects his style of caring for people’s livelihood.
The first couplet is interlaced with the actual and the present, which expands the field of time and space. I heard of the fame of Dongting long ago, but I realized my desire to see the famous lake in my old age. On the surface, I felt the joy of climbing Yueyang Tower for the first time. In fact, it is intended to express the feeling that my ambition in my early years has not been realized so far. Using “past news” to build momentum for “today” is, in the final analysis, to describe the brewing atmosphere of Dongting Lake.
The supporting couplets are the vastness of Dongting. Dongting Lake is full of Wu and Chu. It is floating day and night. The waves lift the sky. It is boundless. I don’t know how many dreams this old man has swallowed! This is a good line about Dongting Lake, praised by Wang Shizhen as “crossing the present and the past”. The painting is so magnificent that it is endless to play with.
Necklace couplets describe the ups and downs of political life, wandering around the world, and the mood of missing talents. “Relatives and friends have no words”, and they cannot receive any assistance in spiritual and material aspects; “Old sickness has a lonely boat”. Since the first month of the third calendar year, when Kuizhou took his wife and children out of the gorge by boat, he has been “old” and “sick”. He has drifted to Hunan. With a boat as his home, he has a vast future. Where can he live? Facing the vast ocean of Dongting Lake, he feels more isolated and dangerous. The self narration is so lonely that it conveys infinite feelings in the sudden change and contrast of the extremely stuffy and narrow poetic environment.
The tail couplet writes about the sadness of seeing the country in turmoil and having no way to serve the country. There is a space between the two sentences, which is suggestive. The “past” of the beginning of “hearing the Dongting water in the past” can certainly cover more than ten years of the poet’s activities in Chang’an. And this can be matched with “Guanshan North” in space. “Yixuan” and “Jinshang” echo from beginning to end.
The first couplet narrates, the supporting couplet describes, the neck couplet expresses emotion, and the tail couplet summarizes. The whole poem is about “climbing Yueyang Tower”, but it is not limited to “Yueyang Tower” and “Dongting Water”. The poet abandoned the subtle portrayal of the scenery in front of him, started from the big place, breathed heaven and earth, and was concerned about the safety of the country, solemn and stirring, desolate, and tear jerking. In time, the past is reflected in the present, and in space, Wu Chu and Yue Guan Mountain are included. The sorrow of his life experience and the worry of his country are vast and boundless. They are integrated with the water potential of Dongting, forming a solemn, solemn, broad and far-reaching artistic conception.
This poem has a broad and magnificent artistic conception and a powerful and profound style. It is a famous poem with five verses in Du Fu’s poems, which was previously called the first of the five verses in the flourishing Tang Dynasty. On the whole, the grandeur of the country and the broad-minded poet are mutually exterior and interior in the poem. Although sad, but not depressed; Although gloomy, but not depressed. Hu Chai of the Song Dynasty quoted Cai Tao’s “Western Qing Poetry” in his “Tiaoxi Fisherman’s Hidden Stories” as saying: “The world of Dongting is magnificent. Since the past, there have been many poets and poets who wrote about it… However, if Meng Haoran ‘steams the clouds and dreams, and waves shake Yueyang City’, then the Dongting is open and magnificent, as it is at present. When reading Du Zimei’s poems, it is not the case. ‘The sky and earth are floating day and night in the southeast of Wu and Chu’, I wonder how many clouds and dreams Shaoling has swallowed in his chest.”
The whole poem is written in a pure way of Fu, which is a narrative style from beginning to end. In the past, some scholars believed that poetry had no image and poetic flavor by means of fu. In fact, Fu is an important means of poetic visualization, which is characterized by not paying attention to poetic language and visualization of local things, but focusing on creating the overall artistic conception of poetry. “Climbing Yueyang Tower” is exactly a model of creating artistic images by means of fu. The artistic realm it has reached has made people not feel the existence of artistic methods, or even the existence of language, but feel that the poet’s thoughts and feelings hit the heart.
The whole poem is mainly composed of self narration and lyricism, which is sincere and touching; The scenery is only three or four sentences, which is both realistic and imaginative. One “depression” and one “floating” depict the weather of Dongting Lake in a magnificent and vivid way. ▲
