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  杜牧过金谷园,即景生情,写下了这首咏春吊古之作。面对荒园,首先浮现在诗人脑海的是金谷园繁华的往事,随着芳香的尘屑消散无踪。“繁华事散逐香尘”这一句蕴藏了多少感慨。王嘉《拾遗记》谓:“石季伦(崇)屑沉水之香如尘末,布象床上,使所爱者践之,无迹者赐以真珠。”此即石崇当年奢靡生活之一斑。“香尘”细微飘忽,去之迅速而无影无踪。金谷园的繁华,石崇的豪富,绿珠的香消玉殒,亦如香尘飘去,云烟过眼,不过一时而已。正如苏东坡诗云:“事如春梦了无痕”。可叹,亦可悲,还是观赏废园中的景色吧:“流水无情草自春”。水,指东南流经金谷园的金水。不管人世间的沧桑,流水照样潺湲,春草依然碧绿,它们对人事的种种变迁,似乎毫无感触。这是写景,更是写情,尤其是“草自春”的“自”字,与杜甫《蜀相》中“映阶碧草自春色”的“自”字用法相似。

  傍晚,正当诗人对着流水和春草遐想的时候,忽然东风送来鸟儿的叫声。春日鸟鸣,本是令人心旷神怡的赏心乐事。但是此时红日西斜,夜色将临;此地是荒芜的名园,再加上傍晚时分略带凉意的春风,在沉溺于吊古之情的诗人耳中,鸟鸣就显得凄哀悲切,如怨如慕,仿佛在表露今昔之感。日暮、东风、啼鸟,本是春天的一般景象,着一“怨”字,就蒙上了一层凄凉感伤的色彩。此时此刻,一片片惹人感伤的落花又映入诗人的眼帘。诗人把特定地点(金谷园)落花飘然下坠的形象,与曾在此处发生过的绿珠坠楼而死联想到一起,寄寓了无限情思。一个“犹”字渗透着诗人很多追念、怜惜之情。绿珠,作为权贵们的玩物,她为石崇而死是毫无价值的,但她的不能自主的命运正是同落花一样令人可怜。诗人的这一联想,不仅是“坠楼”与“落花”外观上有可比之处,而且揭示了绿珠这个人和“花”在命运上有相通之处。比喻贴切自然,意味隽永。

  一般怀古抒情的绝句,都是前两句写景,后两句抒情。这首诗则是句句写景,景中寓情,四句蝉联而下,浑然一体。▲

appreciate

Du Mu once went to the Golden Valley Garden and wrote this poem about spring and ancient times. In the face of the barren garden, what first emerged in the poet’s mind was the prosperous past of the Golden Valley Garden, which disappeared with the fragrant dust. How much emotion is contained in the sentence “Prosperity is scattered to pursue the fragrance dust”. According to Wang Jia’s “Records of Relics”, “Shi Jilun’s (Chong’s) scraps are as fragrant as dust in the water, and the cloth is like a bed, which can be trodden by loved ones, while those without traces can be given real pearls.” This is a part of Shi Chong’s extravagant life. The “incense dust” is subtle and erratic, and it goes away quickly and without trace. The prosperity of the Golden Valley Garden, the wealth of Shi Chong and the death of the green beads are just like the dust floating away. As Su Dongpo said in his poem, “Things are like spring dreams without trace”. Alas, it’s also sad. It’s better to watch the scenery in the abandoned garden: “Flowing water is inexorable and grass grows in spring”. Water refers to the golden water flowing through the Golden Valley in the southeast. No matter the vicissitudes of life in the world, the water is still flowing, and the spring grass is still green. They seem to have no feelings for the changes in personnel. This is a description of scenery, but also a description of emotion. In particular, the word “self” of “grass spring” is similar to the word “self” of “reflecting the green grass spring” in Du Fu’s Shu Xiang.
In the evening, when the poet was daydreaming about the flowing water and spring grass, the east wind suddenly sent the birds. The singing of birds in spring is originally a relaxing pleasure. But at this time, the red sun is slanting to the west, and the night is coming; This is a desolate famous garden. In addition to the cool spring breeze in the evening, the bird singing seems sad and sorrowful to the poet who is addicted to the feeling of remembering the past. Sunset, east wind and bird singing are the general scenes of spring. With the word “grudge”, they are covered with a bleak and sentimental color. At this moment, a lot of sentimental falling flowers came into sight of the poet. The poet associated the image of falling flowers in a specific place (Golden Valley Garden) with the death of a green pearl falling from a building, which implied infinite feelings. The word “You” permeates the poet’s feelings of remembrance and pity. Green bead, as the plaything of dignitaries, it is worthless for her to die for Shi Chong, but her destiny is just as pitiful as falling flowers. This association of the poet is not only a comparison of the appearance of “falling from a building” and “falling flowers”, but also reveals the similarities between the fate of the Green Pearl and that of “flowers”. The metaphor is natural and meaningful.
Generally, the quatrains of nostalgia and lyricism are the first two sentences of scenery and the last two sentences of lyricism. This poem is a description of the scenery, with feelings embedded in the scenery. The four sentences are linked together in a continuous way. ▲

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