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这首诗通过描绘泰山雄伟磅礴的景象，热情赞美了泰山高大巍峨的气势和神奇秀丽的景色，流露出了对祖国山河的热爱之情，表达了诗人不怕困难、敢攀顶峰、俯视一切的雄心和气概，以及卓然独立、兼济天下的豪情壮志。一二句写泰山山脉绵延辽阔；三四句写泰山雄峻磅礴；五六句写仔细远望，见群峰云生，仿佛有归鸟入谷。七八句想象将来登山所见景象，同时抒发自己的抱负。
首句“岱宗夫如何？”写乍一望见泰山时，高兴得不知怎样形容才好的那种揣摹劲和惊叹仰慕之情，非常传神。岱是泰山的别名，因居五岳之首，故尊为岱宗。“夫如何”，就是“到底怎么样呢？”“夫”字在古文中通常是用于句首的语气助词，这里把它融入诗句中，是个新创，很别致。这个“夫”字，虽无实在意义，却少它不得，所谓“传神写照，正在阿堵中”。可谓匠心独具。
接下来“齐鲁青未了”，它没有从海拔角度单纯形容泰山之高，而是别出心裁地写出自己的体验──在古代齐鲁两大国的国境外还能望见远远横亘在那里的泰山，以距离之远来烘托出泰山之高。泰山之南为鲁，泰山之北为齐，所以这一句描写出的地理特点，在写其他山岳时不能挪用。明代莫如忠《登东郡望岳楼》特别提出这句诗，并认为无人能继。
“造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓”两句是描写泰山的近景。一个“钟”字把天地万物一下写活了，整个大自然如此有情致，把神奇和秀美都给了泰山。山前向日的一面为“阳”，山后背日的一面为“阴”（山南水北为“阳”，山北水南为阴），由于山高，天色的一昏一晓被割于山的阴、阳面，所以说“割昏晓”。这本是十分正常的自然现象，可诗人妙笔生花，用一个“割”字，则写出了高大的泰山一种主宰的力量，这力量不是别的，泰山以其高度将山南山北的阳光割断，形成不同的景观，突出泰山遮天蔽日的形象。这里诗人此用笔使静止的泰山顿时充满了雄浑的力量，而那种“语不惊人死不休”的创作风格，也在此得到显现。
“荡胸生曾云，决眦入归鸟”两句，是写细望。见山中云气层出不穷，故心胸亦为之荡漾。“决眦”二字尤为传神，生动地体现了诗人在这神奇缥缈的景观面前像着了迷似的，为了看够，因而使劲地睁大眼睛张望，故感到眼眶有似决裂。这情景使泰山迷人的景色表现得更为形象鲜明。“归鸟”是投林还巢的鸟，说明已是薄暮时分作者还未曾离去。其中蕴藏着诗人对祖国河山的热爱和对祖国山河的赞美之情。
最后“会当凌绝顶，一览众山小”两句，写诗人并不满足看岳而是想登上山顶一揽盛景的心情。此联号为绝响，再一次突出了泰山的高峻，写出了雄视一切的雄姿和气势，也表现出诗人的心胸气魄。“会当”是唐人口语，意即“一定要”。如果把“会当”解作“应当”，便欠准确，神气索然。众山的小和高大的泰山进行对比，表现出诗人不怕困难、敢于攀登绝顶、俯视一切的雄心和气概。 这正是杜甫能够成为一个伟大诗人的关键所在， 也是一切有所作为的人们所不可缺少的。 这就是这两句诗一直为人们所传诵的原因。正因为泰山的崇高伟大不仅是自然的也是人文的，所以登上的极顶的想望本身，当然也具备了双重的含义。
全诗以诗题中的“望”字统摄全篇，句句写望岳，但通篇并无一个“望”字，而能给人以身临其境之感，可见诗人的谋篇布局和艺术构思是精妙奇绝的。这首诗寄托虽然深远，但通篇只见登览名山之兴会，丝毫不见刻意比兴之痕迹。若论气骨峥嵘，体势雄浑，更以后出之作难以企及。▲
appreciation
This poem, by depicting the majestic scene of Mount Tai, warmly praises the lofty momentum and magical and beautiful scenery of Mount Tai, shows the love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland, expresses the poet’s ambition and spirit of fearing difficulties, daring to climb the peak and looking down at everything, as well as his lofty ambition of being independent and helping the world. One or two sentences describe the vast stretches of Mount Tai; Three or four sentences describe the majesty of Mount Tai; Five or six sentences were written carefully. When I looked far away, I saw that the peaks were full of clouds, as if some birds were coming back to the valley. Seven or eight sentences imagine what you will see in the future while expressing your ambitions.
The first sentence “How about Dai Zongfu?” When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn’t know how to describe it. It was very vivid. Dai is the alias of Mount Tai. Because it is the first of the five mountains, it is revered as Dai Zong. “How is your husband?” is “How is he?” The word “fu” is usually used as a modal particle at the beginning of a sentence in ancient Chinese prose. It is a new creation and unique to incorporate it into poetry. Although the word “fu” has no real meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called “vivid portrayal” is in Ah Dui. It can be said that the craftsmanship is unique.
Next, “Qilu is still green”, which does not simply describe the height of Mount Tai from the perspective of altitude, but writes its own experience in a novel way – Mount Tai can be seen far beyond the borders of the ancient Qilu two great countries, which is set off by the distance. The south of Mount Tai is Lu, and the north of Mount Tai is Qi, so the geographical characteristics described in this sentence cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. Mo Ruzhong’s poem “Climbing Dongjun Wangyue Tower” in the Ming Dynasty put forward this poem in particular and believed that no one could follow it.
The two sentences, “The heaven and the earth are beautiful, and the sun and the sky are dimly lit”, describe the close-up view of Mount Tai. A word “clock” can make everything in the world come alive. The whole nature is so charming that it gives Mount Tai its magic and beauty. The sun facing side at the front of the mountain is “Yang”, while the sun facing side at the back of the mountain is “Yin” (the south of the mountain and the north of the water are “Yang”, the north of the mountain and the south of the water are “Yin”). Because the mountain is high, the twilight and dawn of the sky are cut off from the sun and shade of the mountain, so it is said to be “cut twilight”. This is a very normal natural phenomenon, but the poet writes flowers with a clever pen. With the word “cut”, he writes a dominant force of the tall Mount Tai. This force is nothing else. Mount Tai cuts off the sunshine in the south and north of the mountain with its height, forming different landscapes, highlighting the image of Mount Tai blocking the sky and the sun. Here, the poet’s use of this pen makes Mount Tai, which is still, suddenly full of powerful power, and the creative style of “not surprising but never ending” is also shown here.
The two sentences, “Dang Xiong Sheng Zeng Yun, and Dou canthus into the bird”, are about looking carefully. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my mind is also rippling. The word “decisive canthus” is particularly vivid, vividly reflecting the poet’s fascination with the mysterious and ethereal landscape. In order to see enough, he opened his eyes vigorously, so he felt that his eyes seemed to break. This scene makes the charming scenery of Mount Tai more vivid. “Returning bird” is a bird that returns to its nest in the forest, indicating that the author has not left at dusk. It contains the poet’s love for the country and his admiration for the country.
In the last two sentences, “I will be the top of the mountain and see the small mountains”, the poet is not satisfied with seeing the mountain but wants to climb the mountain to enjoy the grand scenery. This serial number is unique, which once again highlights the majesty of Mount Tai, and shows the majesty and momentum of the poet. “Huidang” is a colloquial language in Tang Dynasty, which means “must”. If “Huidang” is interpreted as “should”, it will be inaccurate and dull. The comparison between the small mountains and the tall Mount Tai shows that the poet is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb the summit and looks down on everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all people who have made great achievements. This is the reason why these two poems have been recited by people all the time. It is precisely because the loftiness and greatness of Mount Tai are not only natural but also humanistic, so the desire to reach the summit itself, of course, also has a dual meaning.
The whole poem is dominated by the word “look” in the poem title, and every sentence is about “look at the mountain”, but there is no word “look” in the whole poem, which can give people a sense of immersive experience. It can be seen that the layout and artistic conception of the poet are exquisite and fantastic. Although this poem has profound sustenance, the whole article only sees the happy meeting of visiting famous mountains, without any trace of deliberate comparison. In terms of strength and vigor, it is hard to match the future works. ▲
