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星期五, 3月 29, 2024
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Mixed Verse ,Wang Wei – 王维《杂诗三首》

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  这首诗通篇运用借问法,以第一人称叙写。四句都是游子向故乡来人的询问之辞。游子离家日久,不免思家怀内。遇到故乡来人,迫不及待地打听家中情事。他关心的事情一定很多,其中最关心的是他的妻子。但他偏偏不直接问妻子的情况,也不问其他重大的事,却问起窗前的那株寒梅开花了没有,似乎不可思议。细细品味,这一问,确如前人所说,问得“淡绝妙绝”。窗前着一“绮”字,则窗中之人,必是游子魂牵梦绕的佳人爱妻。清黄叔灿《唐诗笺评》说:“‘绮窗前’三字,含情无限。”体味精妙。而这株亭亭玉立于绮窗前的“寒梅”,更耐人寻味。它或许是爱妻亲手栽植,或许倾听过他们夫妻二人的山盟海誓,总之,是他们爱情的见证或象征。因此,游子对它有着深刻的印象和特别的感情。他不直接说思念故乡、亲人,而对寒梅开花没有这一微小的却又牵动着他情怀的事物表示关切,而把对故乡和妻子的思念,对往事的回忆眷恋,表现得格外含蓄、浓烈、深厚。

  王维深谙五言绝句篇幅短小,宜于以小见大、以少总多的艺术特点,将抒情主人公交集的百感一一芟除,只留下一点情怀,将他灵视中所映现出的故乡种种景物意象尽量删减,只留下窗前那一树梅花,正是在这净化得无法再净化的情思和景物的描写中,透露出无限情味,引人生出无穷遐想。清人宋顾乐《唐人万首绝句选》评此诗:“以微物悬念,传出件件关心,思家之切。”说得颇中肯。

  罗宗强先生在论述盛唐诗人善于将情思和境界高度净化时,将王维这首诗与初唐诗人王绩《在京思故园见乡人问》诗作了比较。两诗的题材内容十分类似。

  王绩诗写得质朴自然,感情也真挚动人,但诗中写自己遇到故乡来人询问故乡情事,一连问了子侄、栽树、建茅斋、植竹、种桷、水渠、石苔、果园、林花等一系列问题,“他把见到故乡人那种什么都想了解的心情和盘托出,没有经过删汰,没有加以净化。因此,这许多问,也就没有王维的一问所给人的印象深。”通过这一比较,足以显示出“王维是一位在意境创造中追求情思与景物的净化的高手”(罗宗强《唐诗小史》)。 ▲

appreciate

This poem is written in the first person by borrowing. The four sentences were all words of inquiry from the traveler to the people from his hometown. A wanderer who has been away from home for a long time cannot help thinking about his family. When meeting people from my hometown, I can’t wait to inquire about my family’s affairs. He must be concerned about many things, among which his wife is the most concerned. But he didn’t ask his wife directly or other important things, but he asked whether the plum blossom in front of the window had blossomed. It seemed incredible. Taste carefully. This question is indeed, as the predecessors said, “light and wonderful”. If there is a word “Qi” in front of the window, the person in the window must be the wife of a beautiful woman who is haunted by wandering people. Huang Shucan of the Qing Dynasty said in the Tang Poetry Commentary: “The words’ Qi in front of the window ‘are very affectionate.” It tastes exquisite. The “cold plum” standing in front of the beautiful window is more thought-provoking. It may be planted by the beloved wife, or it may be the testimony or symbol of their love. Therefore, you have a deep impression and special feelings on it. Instead of directly saying that he misses his hometown and relatives, he is concerned about the fact that the plum blossom is not such a small thing that affects his feelings. Instead, he expresses his yearning for his hometown and wife, and his nostalgia for the past, which is particularly subtle, strong and profound.
Wang Wei is well aware of the short length of the five character quatrains. It is appropriate to see the big from the small and the big from the small. He can eliminate all the feelings of the lyric master’s public transport collection one by one, leaving only a little emotion. He can cut down as much as possible the various scenes and images of his hometown reflected in his vision, leaving only the plum tree in front of the window. It is precisely in this purified emotion and the description of the scenes that reveal unlimited feelings and inspire endless imagination. Song Gu Le, a native of the Qing Dynasty, commented on this poem in “A Selection of Ten Thousand quatrains of the Tang Dynasty”: “With the suspense of tiny things, every piece of concern is spread out, and I think about my family.” That’s quite to the point.
Mr. Luo Zongqiang compared Wang Wei’s poem with Wang Ji’s poem “Meet the Villagers in Jingsi Hometown” in the early Tang Dynasty when he discussed that the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were good at highly purifying their feelings and realm. The themes and contents of the two poems are very similar.
Wang Ji’s poems are simple and natural, and his feelings are sincere and touching. But in the poems, he meets people from his hometown who ask him about his hometown, asking his nephew, planting trees, building a thatched cottage, planting bamboo, planting trees, canals, moss, orchards, flowers and other questions, “He told us everything he wanted to know when he saw his hometown people. He didn’t delete it or purify it. Therefore, these questions are not as impressive as Wang Wei’s one.” This comparison is enough to show that “Wang Wei is an expert in pursuing the purification of feelings and scenery in the creation of artistic conception” (A Brief History of Tang Poetry by Luo Zongqiang). ▲

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