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首联扣题，从“悲往事”写起，述说往日虎口逃归时的险象。“胡正繁”有两层含义：一是说当时安史叛军势大，朝廷岌岌可危；二是说西门外敌人多而往来频繁，逃出真是太难，更能表现出诗人对朝廷的无限忠诚。颔联“至今”暗转，进一步抒写昔日逃归时的危急情态，伸足前意而又暗转下文，追昔而伤今，情致婉曲。章法上有金针暗度之效。
颈联转写今悲，满腔忠心却遭外贬，本是皇帝刻薄寡恩，是皇帝自己疏远他，可诗人却偏说“移官岂至尊”，决无埋怨皇帝之意，故成为杜甫忠君的美谈。但若仔细体会，杜甫在这两句中还是含有怨艾之情的，只不过是说得婉曲罢了。尾联在自伤自叹中抒写眷恋朝廷不忍遽去的情怀。感情复杂而深婉，虽然写得很含蓄，实际是在埋怨肃宗。
这首诗追忆了当年九死一生从胡尘中间道逃往凤翔的情景，痛定思痛，感慨万千。当年是“麻鞋见天子，衣袖露两肘。朝廷悯生还，亲故伤老丑。涕泪授拾遗，流离主恩厚”，本以为从此可以效忠王室、裨补国政，谁知却因正直敢言了遭奸按诽傍，天子疏远，从政一年多就被贬斥。诗人内心的怨望很深，却以“不怨之怨”的委婉笔法写出。篇末抒发自己眷念京国的深情，更加衬托出统治者的黑白不辨、冷酷无情。▲
appreciation
The title of the first couplet is deducted, starting from “Sad about the past”, to describe the danger of the tiger’s escape in the past. “Hu Zhengfan” has two meanings: one is to say that the rebel army of An Shi was powerful at that time, and the court was in danger; Second, the West Gate has many enemies and frequent contacts. It is really difficult to escape, which shows the poet’s infinite loyalty to the imperial court. The couplet “till now” turns in a dark way to further describe the critical situation when they fled back in the past. They stretch their feet before and turn the following secretly to pursue the past and hurt the present. It is euphemistic. The composition has the effect of gold needle darkness.
The neck couplet conveys the sadness of today, but his loyalty is belittled. The emperor was mean and ungrateful, but the emperor himself alienated him. However, the poet said that “moving officials is not the most important”, and he never meant to blame the emperor, so it became Du Fu’s good talk about being loyal to the emperor. However, if you understand carefully, Du Fu still has feelings of resentment in these two sentences, which is just a euphemism. The tail couplet expresses the feeling of yearning for the imperial court in self injury and self pity. The feelings are complex and profound. Although they are written implicitly, they are actually complaining about Suzong.
This poem recalls the scene of escaping from the middle road of Hu Chen to Fengxiang in those days when he was nearly dead. In those days, it was said that “the hemp shoes saw the emperor, and the sleeves were exposed two cubits. The court was merciful to the survival of the emperor, and the relatives hurt the old and the ugly. Tears and tears were given to him, and he was exiled from the Lord’s kindness.” Originally, he thought that he could serve the royal family and help the national politics. However, he was betrayed and slandered because of his integrity. The emperor was estranged, and was dismissed after more than a year in politics. The poet had deep grievances in his heart, but he wrote them in the euphemism of “no grievance”. At the end of the article, he expressed his deep feelings for Beijing, which further set off the rulers’ indifference and ruthlessness. ▲
