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这首诗写的是在寂静的月夜思念家乡的感受。
诗的前两句，是写诗人在作客他乡的特定环境中一刹那间所产生的错觉。一个独处他乡的人，白天奔波忙碌，倒还能冲淡离愁，然而一到夜深人静的时候，心头就难免泛起阵阵思念故乡的波澜。何况是在月明之夜，更何况是月色如霜的秋夜。“疑是地上霜”中的“疑”字，生动地表达了诗人睡梦初醒，迷离恍惚中将照射在床前的清冷月光误作铺在地面的浓霜。而“霜”字用得更妙，既形容了月光的皎洁，又表达了季节的寒冷，还烘托出诗人飘泊他乡的孤寂凄凉之情。
诗的后两句，则是通过动作神态的刻画，深化思乡之情。“望”字照应了前句的“疑”字，表明诗人已从迷朦转为清醒，他翘首凝望着月亮，不禁想起，此刻他的故乡也正处在这轮明月的照耀下。于是自然引出了“低头思故乡”的结句。“低头”这一动作描画出诗人完全处于沉思之中。而“思”字又给读者留下丰富的想象：那家乡的父老兄弟、亲朋好友，那家乡的一山一水、一草一木，那逝去的年华与往事……无不在思念之中。一个“思”字所包涵的内容实在太丰富了。
明人胡应麟说：“太白诸绝句，信口而成，所谓无意于工而无不工者。”（《诗薮·内编》卷六）王世懋认为：“（绝句）盛唐惟青莲（李白）、龙标（王昌龄）二家诣极。李更自然，故居王上。”（《艺圃撷馀》）怎样才算“自然”，才是“无意于工而无不工”呢？这首《静夜思》就是个样榜。所以胡氏特地把它提出来，说是“妙绝古今”。
这首小诗，既没有奇特新颖的想象，更没有精工华美的辞藻；它只是用叙述的语气，写远客思乡之情，然而它却意味深长，耐人寻味，千百年来，如此广泛地吸引着读者。
一个作客他乡的人，大概都会有这样的感觉吧：白天倒还罢了，到了夜深人静的时候，思乡的情绪，就难免一阵阵地在心头泛起波澜；何况是月明之夜，更何况是明月如霜的秋夜！
月白霜清，是清秋夜景；以霜色形容月光，也是古典诗歌中所经常看到的。例如梁简文帝萧纲《玄圃纳凉》诗中就有“夜月似秋霜”之句；而稍早于李白的唐代诗人张若虚在《春江花月夜》里，用“空里流霜不觉飞”来写空明澄澈的月光，给人以立体感，尤见构思之妙。可是这些都是作为一种修辞的手段而在诗中出现的。这诗的“疑是地上霜”，是叙述，而非摹形拟象的状物之辞，是诗人在特定环境中一刹那间所产生的错觉。为什么会有这样的错觉呢？不难想象，这两句所描写的是客中深夜不能成眠、短梦初回的情景。这时庭院是寂寥的，透过窗户的皎洁月光射到床前，带来了冷森森的秋宵寒意。诗人朦胧地乍一望去，在迷离恍惚的心情中，真好象是地上铺了一层白皑皑的浓霜；可是再定神一看，四周围的环境告诉他，这不是霜痕而是月色。月色不免吸引着他抬头一看，一轮娟娟素魄正挂在窗前，秋夜的太空是如此的明净！这时，他完全清醒了。
秋月是分外光明的，然而它又是清冷的。对孤身远客来说，最容易触动旅思秋怀，使人感到客况萧条，年华易逝。凝望着月亮，也最容易使人产生遐想，想到故乡的一切，想到家里的亲人。想着，想着，头渐渐地低了下去，完全浸入于沉思之中。
从“疑”到“举头”，从“举头”到“低头”，形象地揭示了诗人内心活动，鲜明地勾勒出一幅生动形象的月夜思乡图。
短短四句诗，写得清新朴素，明白如话。它的内容是单纯的，但同时却又是丰富的。它是容易理解的，却又是体味不尽的。诗人所没有说的比他已经说出来的要多得多。它的构思是细致而深曲的，但却又是脱口吟成、浑然无迹的。从这里，读者不难领会到李白绝句的“自然”、“无意于工而无不工”的妙境。 ▲
appreciation
This poem is about the feeling of missing home on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are about the illusion that the poet created in a moment when he was in the specific environment of a foreign country. A person who is alone in a foreign country can be busy during the day, which can also dilute the sadness of separation. However, when the night is quiet, his mind will inevitably be filled with waves of homesickness. Not only in the moonlight night, but also in the frosty autumn night. The word “doubt” in “doubt is frost on the ground” vividly expresses that when the poet woke up, he mistook the cold moonlight shining in front of the bed for thick frost on the ground in a trance. The word “frost” is better used, which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold season, and also reflects the poet’s lonely feeling of wandering abroad.
The last two sentences of the poem deepen homesickness through the portrayal of actions and attitudes. The word “hope” echoes the word “doubt” in the previous sentence, indicating that the poet has turned from a dreamy man to a sober man. He looks up at the moon and can’t help thinking that his hometown is also under the light of this bright moon at this moment. So naturally, it leads to the conclusion of “bow your head and think about your hometown”. The action of “bowing his head” depicts that the poet is completely in meditation. And the word “thinking” leaves readers with rich imagination: the elders, brothers, relatives and friends of that hometown, the mountains, rivers, plants and trees of that hometown, the lost years and past events… are all missing. The content of the word “thinking” is too rich.
Hu Yinglin, a man of the Ming Dynasty, said, “The great white quatrains are simply uttered. They are so called those who have no intention of working but do not.” (Volume VI of Shisou · Internal Compilation) Wang Shimao believed that: “(quatrains) in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Qing Lian (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were the two most accomplished poets. Li was more natural and lived on the throne.” (Yipu Picks up the Surplus) How can we define “nature” as “work without intention”? This song “Meditation in the Silence of the Night” is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specifically put forward it, saying that it is “wonderful ancient and modern”.
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and beautiful words; It just uses the tone of narration to describe the homesickness of distant visitors, but it is meaningful and thought-provoking. For thousands of years, it has attracted readers so widely.
A visitor to a foreign country will probably have the feeling that it is not enough during the day. In the dead of night, the homesickness will inevitably be surging in my mind; What’s more, it’s a moonlit night, not to mention a frosty autumn night!
The moon is white and the frost is clear; To describe moonlight with frost color is often seen in classical poetry. For example, there is a sentence in the poem “The Night Moon Is Like Autumn Frost” written by Xiao Gang, Emperor Jianwen of Liang Dynasty; Zhang Ruoxu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote the bright and clear moonlight with “frost flowing in the air without feeling flying” in “Moonlight on the Spring River”, giving people a three-dimensional sense, especially the wonderful idea. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry. “Suspicion is frost on the ground” in this poem is a narrative rather than a description of the shape and image, which is an illusion created by the poet in a moment in a specific environment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the scene of guests who cannot sleep late at night and who return from a short dream for the first time. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight through the window shone on the bed, bringing cold autumn nights. The poet looked vaguely, and in a trance mood, it really seemed that the ground was covered with a layer of white cream; But when he took a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that it was not frost marks but moonlight. The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up. A round of Juanjuan Su soul was hanging in front of the window. The space on the autumn night was so bright and clean! At this time, he was completely awake.
The autumn moon is extremely bright, but it is cold. For a lonely traveler, it is most likely to touch the memory of Lvsi in autumn, making people feel that the guests are depressed and the years are easy to pass. Gazing at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown, and think of their relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From “doubt” to “raising his head”, and from “raising his head” to “lowering his head”, it vividly reveals the poet’s inner activities and clearly outlines a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night.
In a short four sentence poem, it is fresh, simple and clear. Its content is simple, but at the same time it is rich. It is easy to understand, but it is inexhaustible. What the poet has not said is much more than what he has said. Its idea is detailed and deep, but it is also blurted out and traceless. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the beauty of Li Bai’s quatrains, which are “natural” and “work without intention”. ▲
