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这是借咏物而寄相思的诗，是眷怀友人之作。起句因物起兴，语虽单纯，却富于想象；接着以设问寄语，意味深长地寄托情思；第三句暗示珍重友谊，表面似乎嘱人相思，背面却深寓自身相思之重；最后一语双关，既切中题意，又关合情思，妙笔生花，婉曲动人。全诗情调健美高雅，怀思饱满奔放，语言朴素无华，韵律和谐柔美。可谓绝句的上乘佳品。
红豆，生于南国，其果鲜红浑圆，外表晶莹剔透，因为常被南方人作为服饰装饰物。红豆与相思联系在一起，则是来源于一个凄美的爱情故事。传说，古代一位女子，因为丈夫战死边疆，思念亡夫太甚哭死在了树下，此后化为了红豆，在春天的时候生长发芽。从此以后，红豆被人们称为了相思子，也在文学中引用为相思之意。而“相思”不限于男女情爱范围，朋友之间也有相思的，如苏李诗“行人难久留，各言长相思”即著例。此诗题一作《江上赠李龟年》，可见诗中抒写的是眷念朋友的情绪。
“南国”（南方）既是红豆产地，又是朋友所在之地。首句以“红豆生南国”起兴，暗示后文的相思之情。语极单纯，而又富于形象。次句“春来发几枝”轻声一问，承得自然，寄语设问的口吻显得分外亲切。然而单问红豆春来发几枝，是意味深长的，这是选择富于情味的事物来寄托情思。“来日绮窗前，寒梅著花未？”（王维《杂诗》）对于梅树的记忆，反映出了客子深厚的乡情。同样，这里的红豆是赤诚友爱的一种象征。这样写来，便觉语近情遥，令人神远。
第三句紧接着寄意对方“多采撷”红豆，仍是言在此而意在彼。以采撷植物来寄托怀思的情绪，是古典诗歌中常见手法，如汉代古诗：“涉江采芙蓉，兰泽多芳草，采之欲遗谁？所思在远道”即著例。“愿君多采撷”似乎是说：“看见红豆，想起我的一切吧。”暗示远方的友人珍重友谊，语言恳挚动人。这里只用相思嘱人，而自己的相思则见于言外。用这种方式透露情怀，婉曲动人，语意高妙。宋人编《万首唐人绝句》，此句“多”字作“休”。用“休”字反衬离情之苦，因相思转怕相思，当然也是某种境况下的人情状态。用“多”字则表现了一种热情饱满、一往情深的健美情调。此诗情高意真而不伤纤巧，与“多”字关系甚大，故“多”字比“休”字更好。
最后一句“此物最相思”只因红豆是最能表达相思之物。中国人常说，睹物思人。这“物”可能是他吃过的、穿过的，也可能是他看过的、听过的；可能是他喜欢的，也可能是他厌恶的。只要是与他有关系的，哪怕只有一丝关联，都能激起思念者敏感的神经。诗人所希望的，是友人每每看见这最能代表相思之意的红豆，就能想起正在相思的“我”、正在思念“你”的“我”。从诗人对朋友的深切叮咛中，我们看到了诗人自己深重的相思之意。正是诗人对朋友的满心思念，才使他希望朋友亦如此。用这种方式表露情怀，语意高妙，深挚动人。
全诗洋溢着少年的热情，青春的气息，满腹情思始终未曾直接表白，句句话儿不离红豆，而又“超以象外，得其圜中”，把相思之情表达得入木三分。它“一气呵成，亦须一气读下”，极为明快，却又委婉含蓄。在生活中，最情深的话往往朴素无华，自然入妙。王维很善于提炼这种素朴而典型的语言来表达深厚的思想感情。所以此诗语浅情深，当时就成为流行名歌是毫不奇怪的。▲
appreciation
This is a poem of missing someone by chanting things. Sentences arise from things. Although the language is simple, it is full of imagination; Then, it puts forward questions to express meaningful feelings; The third sentence suggests cherishing friendship. On the surface, it seems that people are asked to miss each other, but on the back, it implies the importance of their own love; The last sentence is a pun, which not only hits the point of the topic, but also relates to the feelings. It is a beautiful and moving poem. The whole poem is beautiful and elegant in tone, full and unrestrained in reminiscence, plain in language, and harmonious and soft in rhythm. It can be said that it is the best product of quatrains.
Red beans, born in the South, are bright red, round and crystal clear in appearance, because they are often used as clothing ornaments by Southerners. Red beans and Acacia are linked together, which comes from a beautiful love story. It is said that in ancient times, a woman died under a tree because her husband died in battle in the frontier. She cried too much for her husband, and later became red beans, which grew and germinated in spring. Since then, red beans have been called “Acacia” and also referred to as “Acacia” in literature. “Acacia” is not limited to love between men and women, but also between friends. For example, Su Lishi’s “It’s hard for pedestrians to stay long, and each person talks about everlasting longing for each other”. The title of this poem is “A gift from the river to Li Guinian”. It can be seen that the poem expresses the feelings of missing friends.
The “southern country” (the south) is not only the place of origin of red beans, but also the place where friends are located. The first sentence starts with “Red beans are born in the South”, implying the feeling of lovesickness in the following text. The language is very simple and full of images. The next sentence, “How many branches will be sent in spring”, was asked in a soft voice, which was natural, and the tone of the message was particularly friendly. However, it is meaningful to just ask how many red beans will be sent in spring. This is to choose something full of emotion to express your feelings. “In front of the beautiful window tomorrow, will the plum blossom blossom?” (Miscellaneous Poems by Wang Wei) The memory of plum trees reflects the profound hometown feelings of the guests. Similarly, the red beans here are a symbol of sincerity and friendship. In this way, we can feel that we are close to each other and far away from each other.
The third sentence is followed by a message to the other party to “gather more” red beans, which is still said here and meant there. Picking plants to express the feeling of nostalgia is a common technique in classical poetry, such as the ancient poem of the Han Dynasty: “Picking hibiscus across the river, and there are many fragrant grasses in the orchid. Who would you like to leave behind? Thinking is far away”. “I wish you would pick more” seems to say: “When you see red beans, remember everything about me.” It implies that distant friends cherish friendship, and the language is sincere and moving. Here, I only use Acacia to tell others, while my own Acacia can be seen out of words. In this way, you can reveal your feelings in a euphemistic and moving way. Ten thousand Tang quatrains were compiled by the people of the Song Dynasty. The word “many” in this sentence is “rest”. The word “Xiu” is used to contrast the suffering of separation from love. Of course, it is also a human condition under certain circumstances that people are afraid of Acacia because of Acacia. The word “many” is used to express a warm and passionate feeling of bodybuilding. This poem is true but not delicate. It has a great relationship with the word “Duo”, so the word “Duo” is better than the word “Xiu”.
The last sentence, “This is the most lovesick thing”, is only because red beans are the best expression of lovesickness. Chinese people often say that seeing things makes people think. This “thing” may be something he has eaten or worn, or something he has seen or heard of; It may be what he likes or what he hates. As long as it is related to him, even if there is only a trace of connection, it can arouse the sensitive nerves of the missing person. What the poet hopes is that when friends see this red bean, which is the most representative of lovesickness, they can think of the “I” who is missing you and the “I” who is missing you. From the poet’s deep exhortation to his friends, we can see the poet’s own deep love for each other. It is the poet’s yearning for his friends that makes him hope that his friends will do the same. In this way, you can express your feelings in a subtle and profound way.
The whole poem is permeated with the enthusiasm of young people and the breath of youth. The whole poem is full of feelings that have never been expressed directly. Every sentence is not separated from red beans, and “beyond the imagination, you can get it”, expressing the feelings of love deeply. It is very bright, but tactful and implicit. In life, the most affectionate words are often simple and unadorned. Wang Wei is good at refining this simple and typical language to express deep thoughts and feelings. Therefore, it is not surprising that this poem has become a popular song at that time. ▲
