陈诗展义 – Chinese philosophy and culture

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chén shī zhǎn yì 陈诗展义

Write Poetry to Express Feeling and Aspiration

诗人创作诗歌是为了展示自己的内心情感和志向。这是南朝诗论家钟嵘(468?—518)在《诗品序》中提出的关于诗歌创作动机的重要看法。钟嵘强调四时节物的变化以及社会人事际遇对诗人创作的影响,认为诗人用诗歌来展现内心的情感活动与志向。钟嵘的诗歌美学在注重外部世界激发诗人创作冲动的同时,又强调情感对于诗歌的独立审美价值,这一理论无疑比汉代儒家的“诗教”说要进步许多。

This term, concerning the motivation in poetry writing, was first used by the Southern Dynasty poetry theorist Zhong Rong (468?-518) in his “Preface to ‘The critique of Poetry.'” He emphasized the impact upon a poet’s creative activities of seasonal changes and encounters between humans, maintaining that the poet uses his work to show his inner feelings and aspirations. Zhong’s poetic aesthetics, while recognizing the role of the outer world in inspiring poets, also valued the unique aesthetic value of feelings to poetry. This view was clearly more mature than that of “writing poetry for moral indoctrination only” held by Han Dynasty Confucian scholars.

引例 Citation:

◎若乃春风春鸟,秋月秋蝉,夏云暑雨,冬月祁寒,斯四候之感诸诗者也。嘉会寄诗以亲,离群托诗以怨。至于楚臣去境,汉妾辞宫,或骨横朔野,或魂逐飞蓬……凡斯种种,感荡心灵,非陈诗何以展其义?非长歌何以骋其情?(钟嵘《诗品序》)

(至于那春风、春鸟,秋月、秋蝉,夏云、暑雨,冬月、酷寒,这是四季的节令、气候感动诗人从而创作为诗。美好的集会上,诗人写诗来表达亲近和睦之情;离群索居时,诗人用诗歌表达哀怨。至于楚国屈原离开国都,汉朝的王昭君辞别宫廷,或者尸骨横于北方荒野,魂魄追逐着随风飘飞的蓬草……这种种情景,无不感动着人们的心灵,不作诗怎么能够展示诗人的内心情感和志向?不长篇歌咏又怎么能抒发出诗人的情怀?)

Poets are inspired by spring wind and birds, autumnal moon and cicadas, summer clouds and rain, winter moon and desolate cold weather – the cycle of seasons and weather – to create poetry. They write poetry during a beautiful gathering to show affinity among fellow humans, or when they live in solitude to express sorrow. As for Qu Yuan who had to leave the capital of the Kingdom of Chu, Wang Zhaojun who was compelled to bid farewell to the royal court, corpses lying all about in the wilderness in the north, or ghosts chasing artemisia fluttering in mid-air… all this stirs the soul, urging the poet to write and chant poetry as a means of expressing feeling and aspiration. (Zhong Rong: Preface to “The Critique of Poetry”)

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