Listen to this articleyǒnɡ 勇
Courage
“勇”的基本含义是勇敢。“勇”作为一种德行，要求在行事之时，不畏惧困难，不计较个人利害，始终坚守道义的原则，敢于制止违背道义的行为。“勇”的表现需要基于对道德、礼法的认知与遵守。如果缺少对道德、礼法的遵守，勇敢之行就会流于好勇斗狠或铤而走险，并导致社会混乱。
The basic meaning of yong (勇) is courage, which is a virtue. When necessary, a courageous person is expected to fearlessly stop any act that violates ethical principles without giving any consideration to his own personal interests. Acts of courage must be based upon recognition and observance of ethical and social norms. Otherwise, such acts may become ruthless, brutal and risky, and cause social chaos.
引例 Citations：
◎子曰：“非其鬼而祭之，谄也。见义不为，无勇也。”（《论语·为政》）
（孔子说：“不是自己应该祭祀的鬼神而去祭祀它，是谄媚。眼见道义应该去坚守却没有作为，是无勇。”）
Confucius said: “One who offers sacrifices to other people’s ancestors is a flatterer. One who knows what is right but takes no action is lacking in courage.” (The Analects)
◎子路曰：“君子尚勇乎？”子曰：“君子义以为上。君子有勇而无义为乱，小人有勇而无义为盗。”（《论语·阳货》）
（子路说：“君子崇尚勇敢吗？”孔子说：“君子以道义为最崇高的要求。君子只有勇敢而不守道义就会作乱，小人只有勇敢而不守道义就会偷盗抢劫。）
Zilu asked: “Should a person of virtue act with courage?” Confucius answered: “A man of virtue should observe ethical principles above everything else. One who has courage but ignores ethical principles will become a trouble maker. A petty person who has courage but ignores ethical principles will become a thief or a robber.” (The Analects)
