Listen to this articleyìshù 艺术
Art
原指儒家六艺及各种方术，后引申指艺术创作与审美活动。儒家的“六艺”指诗、书、礼、乐、射、御等六种用以培养君子人格的教育内容，包括后世意义上的艺术；有时也指《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《乐》《春秋》六部经书。庄子则强调技与艺相通，是一种体悟道的融身心为一体的创作活动。儒家、道家与佛教关于艺术的思想，是中国艺术的内在精神与方法。中国艺术追求艺术与人生的统一、感知与体验的结合、技艺与人格的融会等，以意境为旨归。近代西方艺术学传入中国后，艺术成为人类主观精神与物态化作品相结合的技艺与创作，成为专门的学科，涵盖各类艺术。现在的艺术概念是传统艺术内涵与现代西方艺术学的有机融合。
Originally, the term referred to six forms of classical arts and various crafts, but it later extended to include artistic creation and aesthetic appreciation. The six forms of arts as defined by Confucianism are poetry, writing, rites, music, archery, and driving horse-pulled carriages. These constituted the basic requirements for cultivating a man of virtue. These six arts also included what later generations deemed as arts. Sometimes, the term also meant the six classics, namely, The Book of Songs, The Book of History, The Book of Rites, The Book of Changes, The Book of Music, and The Spring and Autumn Annals. Zhuangzi, on his part, emphasized the connection between crafts and arts, regarding them as physical and mental creative activities that help one gain insight into Dao. The various ideas about arts put forward by Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist scholars defined the nature and method of Chinese arts, which seek unity between artwork and real life, fusion of senses and experiences, and integration of techniques and personality, with achieving artistic conception as the ultimate aim. Since the introduction of Western art theories in modern China, arts have become an independent discipline covering all types of arts created with skill and innovation. The concept of arts today incorporate both traditional Chinese and contemporary Western notions of arts.
引例 Citations：
◎志于道，据于德，依于仁，游于艺。（《论语·述而》）
（君子内心追求道，坚定地以德为依据，行事不违背仁，广泛学习与实践“六艺”[而涵养人格]。）
A man of virtue pursues Dao, practices virtue and benevolence, and engages extensively in six arts. (The Analects)
◎“艺”谓书、数、射、御，“术”谓医、方、卜、筮。（《后汉书·伏湛传》李贤注）
（“艺”指的是六书、算术、射击、驾驶车马等基本技能，“术”指的是医术、方技、卜卦、占筮等专门之学。）
Arts refer to such basic skills required by the six classics, arithmetic, archery, and driving horse-pulled carriages. Crafts refer to such professions as medicine, fortune-telling, divination, and necromancy. (The History of the Later Han Dynasty)
◎艺术之兴，由来尚矣。先王以是决犹豫，定吉凶，审存亡，省祸福。（《晋书·艺术传序》）
（方术的兴起，有着久远的历史。古时的帝王通过方术来决断犹疑，判定吉凶，审度存亡，省察祸福。）
Fortune-telling has a long history. In ancient times, kings used fortune-telling to make decisions, weigh consequences, foresee fate, and judge outcomes. (The History of the Jin Dynasty)
