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这首诗所描写的是一种非常普遍的离别。它没有特殊的背景，有的是至深的惜别之情，所以，它适合大多数别筵离席颂唱，后来纳入乐府，成为流行，久唱不衰的歌曲。
诗人剪裁下这临行送别时的一瞬，使其成为了永恒。老友即将远行，将赴满地黄沙的边疆绝域。此时一别，不知何日才能再见，千言万语无从说起，能说出口的只有一句：喝下这杯离别的酒吧！依依惜别之情、所有的关怀与祝福早已融进了这一杯酒中。
“渭城朝雨浥轻尘，客舍青青柳色新。”生动形象地写出了诗人对将要去荒凉之地的友人元二的深深依恋和牵挂。诗的前两句明写春景，暗寓离别。其中不仅“柳”与“留”谐音，是离别的象征，“轻尘”“客舍”也都暗示了旅行的目的，巧妙地点出了送别的时间、地点和环境。后两句点明了主题是以酒饯别，诗人借分手时的劝酒，表达对友人深厚的情意。友人此行要去的安西，在今天的新疆库车县境，同时代的王之涣有“春风不度玉门关”的形容，何况安西更在玉门之外，其荒凉遥远可想而知。
绝句在篇幅上受到严格限制。这首诗，对如何设宴饯别，宴席上如何频频举杯，殷勤话别，以及启程时如何依依不舍，登程后如何瞩目遥望等等，一概舍去，只剪取饯行宴席即将结束时主人的劝酒辞：再干了这一杯吧，出了阳关，可就再也见不到老朋友了。诗人像高明的摄影师，摄下了最富表现力的镜头。宴席已经进行了很长一段时间，酿满别情的酒已经喝过多巡，殷勤告别的话已经重复过多次，朋友上路的时刻终于不能不到来，主客双方的惜别之情在这一瞬间都到达了顶点。主人的这句似乎脱口而出的劝酒辞就是此刻强烈、深挚的惜别之情的集中表现。
三四两句是一个整体。要深切理解这临行劝酒中蕴含的深情，就不能不涉及“西出阳关”。处于河西走廊尽西头的阳关，和它北面的玉门关相对，从汉代以来，一直是内地出向西域的通道。唐代国势强盛，内地与西域往来频繁，从军或出使阳关之外，在盛唐人心目中是令人向往的壮举。但当时阳关以西还是穷荒绝域，风物与内地大不相同。朋友“西出阳关”，虽是壮举，却又不免经历万里长途的跋涉，备尝独行穷荒的艰辛寂寞。因此，这临行之际“劝君更尽一杯酒”，就像是浸透了诗人全部丰富深挚情谊的一杯浓郁的感情琼浆。这里面，不仅有依依惜别的情谊，而且包含着对远行者处境、心情的深情体贴，包含着前路珍重的殷勤祝愿。对于送行者来说，劝对方“更尽一杯酒”，不只是让朋友多带走自己的一分情谊，而且有意无意地延宕分手的时间，好让对方再多留一刻。“西出阳关无故人”之感，不只属于行者。临别依依，要说的话很多，但千头万绪，一时竟不知从何说起。这种场合，往往会出现无言相对的沉默，“劝君更尽一杯酒”，就是不自觉地打破这种沉默的方式，也是表达此刻丰富复杂感情的方式。诗人没有说出的比已经说出的要丰富得多。总之，三四两句所剪取的虽然只是一刹那的情景，却是蕴含极其丰富的一刹那。
这首诗所描写的是一种最有普遍性的离别。它没有特殊的背景，而自有深挚的惜别之情，这就使它适合于绝大多数离筵别席演唱，后来编入乐府，成为最流行、传唱最久的歌曲。
appreciation
This poem describes a very common departure. It has no special background and some deep feelings of parting. Therefore, it is suitable for most farewell banquets to leave and sing. Later, it was incorporated into the Yuefu and became a popular song that has been sung for a long time.
The poet tailors this parting moment to make it eternal. My old friend is going on a long journey to the frontier of Yellow Sand in Manchuria. At this time, I don’t know when I will see you again. There is no way to say a thousand words. The only thing I can say is: Drink this farewell bar! The feeling of parting, all the care and blessings have already been integrated into this glass of wine.
“In Weicheng, the rain pours light dust, and the guest house is green and willow is fresh.” It vividly describes the poet’s deep attachment and concern for his friend Yuan Er who is going to the desolate land. The first two lines of the poem clearly describe the spring scenery and imply parting. Among them, “Liu” and “Liu” are not only homophonic, but also a symbol of departure. “Qingchen” and “Guest House” also imply the purpose of travel, and ingeniously point out the time, place and environment of farewell. The last two sentences point out that the theme is to bid farewell with wine. The poet expresses his deep affection for his friends by persuading them to drink when parting. In today’s Kuqa County, Xinjiang, Wang Zhihuan, a contemporary of his time, described Anxi, where his friends are going, as “the spring breeze does not pass through the Yumen Pass”. Moreover, Anxi is beyond the Yumen Gate, and its desolation is far away.
Quatrains are strictly limited in length. This poem is about how to bid farewell to a banquet, how to raise a cup frequently at a banquet, how to say good-bye to others, how to be reluctant to part with others when setting out, how to focus on the distant view after embarking on a journey, and so on. Only the host’s words of exhortation at the end of the farewell banquet: Let’s drink this cup again, and we will never see our old friends again once we get out of the sun. The poet, like a skillful photographer, took the most expressive lens. The banquet has been going on for a long time, the wine full of farewell has been drunk for many times, and the words of good-bye have been repeated for many times. The time when friends go on the road has finally arrived, and the feeling of parting between the host and guest has reached the peak at this moment. The host’s words that seemed to be blurted out were the concentrated expression of the strong and deep feeling of parting.
Three or four sentences are a whole. If you want to deeply understand the deep feelings contained in this temporary exhortation, you can’t help but involve “going out of the west”. Yangguan, located at the west end of the Hexi Corridor, opposite Yumen Pass in the north, has been a passage from the mainland to the western regions since the Han Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty was strong and prosperous, with frequent exchanges between the mainland and the Western Regions. Being in the army or going out of Yangguan was a great feat in the eyes of the prosperous Tang people. But at that time, the west of Yangguan was still barren and desolate, and the scenery was quite different from that of the mainland. My friend, “going out of the Yangguan Pass in the west”, although it is a great feat, can not help but experience the hardships and loneliness of traveling alone in poverty. Therefore, “urging you to drink more wine” on the occasion of departure is like a cup of strong emotional agar saturated with all the rich and profound friendship of the poet. In this, there is not only the feeling of parting, but also the deep consideration for the situation and mood of those who are far away, and the earnest wishes for the future. For the giver, persuading the other party to “drink more wine” is not only to let friends take away more of their friendship, but also to intentionally or unintentionally delay the time of parting so that the other party can stay for another moment. The feeling of “leaving Yangguan in the west without an old friend” does not belong to the traveler alone. I have a lot to say when I leave Yiyi, but I don’t know where to start. On such occasions, there is often silence without words. “Persuading you to drink more wine” is a way to break the silence unconsciously, and also a way to express the rich and complex feelings at the moment. What the poet has not said is much richer than what he has said. In a word, although the three or four sentences are just a moment’s scenes, they contain extremely rich moments.
This poem describes the most universal departure. It has no special background, but has a deep feeling of parting, which makes it suitable for most of the singing at the farewell banquet. Later, it was incorporated into Yuefu and became the most popular and longest sung song.
