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此诗是李白于泾县（今安徽皖南地区）游历桃花潭时写给当地好友汪伦的一首留别诗。诗前两句描绘李白乘舟欲行时，汪伦踏歌赶来送行的情景，朴素自然地表达出汪伦对李白那种朴实、真诚的情感；后两句先用“深千尺”赞美桃花潭水的深湛，紧接“不及”两个字笔锋一转，用衬托的手法，把无形的情谊化为有形的千尺潭水，生动形象地表达了汪伦对李白那份真挚深厚的友情。全诗语言清新自然，想象丰富奇特，虽仅四句二十八字，却是李白诗中流传最广的佳作之一。
诗的两句描写的是送别的场面。“李白乘舟将欲行”是说诗人就要乘船离开桃花潭了。那种语言不假思索，顺口流出，表现出乘兴而来、兴尽而返的潇洒神态。“忽闻岸上踏歌声”，“忽闻”二字表明，汪伦的到来，确实是不期而至的。人未到而声先闻，从那热情爽朗的歌声，李白就料到一定是汪伦赶来送行了。这样的送别，侧面表现出李白和汪伦这两位朋友同是不拘俗礼、快乐自由的人。
“桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我情”，诗的后半是抒情。第三句遥接起句，进一步说明 放船地点在桃花潭。“深千尺”既描绘了潭的特点，又为结句预伏一笔。
桃花潭水是那样的深湛，更触动了离人的情怀，难忘汪伦的深情厚意，水深情深自然地联系起来。结句迸出“不及汪伦送我情”，以比物手法形象性地表达了真挚纯洁的深情。潭水已“深千尺”，那么汪伦送李白的情谊更有多少深呢？耐人寻味。清沈德潜很欣赏这一句，他说：“若说汪伦之情比于潭水千尺，便是凡语。妙境只在一转换间。”（《唐诗别裁》）显然，妙就妙在“不及”二字，好就好在不用比喻而采用比物手法，变无形的情谊为生动的形象，空灵而有余味，自然而又情真。
中国诗的传统主张含蓄蕴藉。宋代诗论家严羽提出作诗四忌：“语忌直，意忌浅。脉忌露，味忌短。”清人施补华也说诗“忌直贵曲”。然而，李白《赠汪伦》的表现特点是：坦率，直露，缺少含蓄。其“语直”，其“脉露”，而“意”不浅，味更浓。古人写诗，一般忌讳在诗中直呼姓名，以为无味。而《赠汪伦》从诗人直呼自己的姓名开始，又以称呼对方的名字作结，反而显得真率，亲切而洒脱，很有情味。▲
appreciation
This poem is a farewell poem written by Li Bai to his local friend Wang Lun when he visited Taohuatan in Jingxian County (today’s southern Anhui Province). The first two lines of the poem describe the scene that Wang Lun came to see Li Bai off in a song when Li Bai was about to go by boat, which expresses Wang Lun’s simple and sincere feelings towards Li Bai; The last two sentences first use “thousands of feet deep” to praise the profundity of the peach blossom pond, and then “less than” to turn the pen. With the method of setting off, the invisible friendship is turned into a tangible thousand feet pond, vividly expressing Wang Lun’s sincere and deep friendship for Li Bai. The language of the whole poem is fresh and natural, and the imagination is rich and strange. Although it is only four sentences and 28 characters, it is one of the most popular masterpieces in Li Bai’s poems.
The two lines of the poem describe the farewell scene. “Li Bai will go by boat” means that the poet will leave the Peach Blossom Pond by boat. That kind of language flows out without thinking, showing a natural and unrestrained manner of coming and going back when you are happy. The words “suddenly heard singing on the shore” and “suddenly heard” indicate that Wang Lun’s arrival was indeed unexpected. Before anyone arrived, Li Bai heard the sound first. From the warm and cheerful singing, Li Bai knew that it must be Wang Lun who came to see him off. This kind of farewell shows that Li Bai and Wang Lun are both happy and free people who don’t stick to common customs.
“Peach Blossom Pond is thousands of feet deep, not as deep as Wang Lun to send me love”, the second half of the poem is lyrical. The third sentence starts with a remote sentence, which further explains that the boat was released at Taohuatan. “Shen Qianchi” not only describes the characteristics of the pond, but also foreshadows the sentence.
Peach Blossom Pond is so deep that it touches the feelings of separation. Wang Lun’s deep feelings are unforgettable, and the deep feelings are naturally connected. The ending sentence burst out “less than Wang Lun sent me love”, which vividly expressed the sincere and pure deep feelings by means of comparison. The pool is “thousands of feet deep”, so how much deeper is Wang Lun’s friendship with Li Bai? afford much food for thought. Qing Shen Deqian appreciated this sentence very much. He said, “If Wang Lun’s love is thousands of feet higher than the water, it is a common language. The beauty is only in a transition.”.
The traditional proposition of Chinese poetry is implicit. Yan Yu, a poetry critic in the Song Dynasty, put forward four taboos for writing poetry: “Avoid straight words and shallow meanings. Avoid dew veins and short tastes.” Shi Buhua, a native of the Qing Dynasty, also said that poetry “should not be straight and expensive.”. However, Li Bai’s “To Wang Lun” is characterized by frankness, directness and lack of implication. Its “language is straight”, its “pulse dew”, and its “meaning” is not shallow, and its taste is stronger. In ancient times, when writing poetry, people generally tabooed calling their names directly in poetry, thinking it was tasteless. And “To Wang Lun” starts with the poet calling his own name directly, and ends with addressing the other party’s name. Instead, it seems sincere, kind, free and easy, and very affectionate. ▲
