tiān xià nǎi tiān xià zhī tiān xià 天下乃天下之天下
All Under Heaven Belongs to the People.
天下是天下所有人的天下,国家是全国所有人的国家。首尾两个“天下”可以理解为国家或国家的最高统治权;中间一个“天下”是指天下所有的人。古人认为,天下并不固定属于哪一个人、哪一个家族所有,而是属于天下所有的人;谁符合道义,谁有利于天下百姓,谁就有资格拥有天下、治理天下。其中隐含着天赋人权、政以道立的理念。在现代语境下,这句话也可以理解为:世界是全世界所有人的世界——每个国家、每个人都有权参与治理。
All under heaven belongs to all the people in the world; a country belongs to all the people in the country. “All under heaven” can here be understood as the country or highest sovereign power of the country. The ancients regarded all under heaven as belonging neither to a single person nor to a single family but to all the people. Whoever acted according to morality and justice and was good to the people of all under heaven, such a person was qualified to possess and rule all under heaven. This implies a concept of human rights bestowed by heaven and governance by virtue. In a modern context, this can be understood in the following way: the world belongs to all the people of the world – every country and every person have the right to take part in government.
引例 Citations:
◎天下非一人之天下,乃天下之天下也。同天下之利者,则得天下;擅天下之利者,则失天下。(《六韬·文韬·文师》)
(天下不是一个人的天下,是天下所有人的天下。与天下人的利益一致的人,可以获得治理天下的权力;将天下人的利益占为己有的人,势必失去治理天下的权力。)
All under heaven is not the world of a single man but the world of all people in the world. The one who is in accord with what benefits all under heaven wins all under heaven; the one who arrogates to himself the benefits of all under heaven loses all under heaven. (The Six Strategies)