江西诗派 – Chinese philosophy and culture

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Jiāngxī shīpài 江西诗派

The Jiangxi School of Poetry

中国文学史上第一个有正式名称的诗文派别。它以北宋江西籍著名诗人黄庭坚(1045—1105)的“点铁成金”“夺胎换骨”说为主要创作理念。该流派写诗以吟咏书斋生活为主,崇尚瘦硬奇拗的风格;强调师承前人,或师承前人之辞,或师承前人之意;重视文字的推敲技巧,追求字字有出处。这一创作理念与唐代诗歌追求兴象风神有着明显的不同,它的影响遍及整个南宋诗坛,甚至影响到近代。

The Jiangxi School of Poetry was the first school of poetry and prose with a formal name in Chinese literary history. It took as its core tenets the notions of “turning a crude poem or essay into a literary gem” and “squeezing new life out of an old sponge,” as proposed by Huang Tingjian (1045-1105), a Southern Song Dynasty poet from Jiangxi Province. Members of that school devoted themselves to writing poetry with themes about scholarly life. They championed a vigorously “thin and stiff” style, stressed drawing on the skillful wording or remarkable ideas of their predecessors, and paid close attention to the techniques of writing to ensure that each word used in poetic composition can be traced to its origin. Huang’s notions differed from Tang Dynasty poets’ pursuit of impromptu inspiration, elegant subtlety of inspiring imagery as well as vim and vigor in poetic creation. The Jiangxi School’s influence spread across the poetic community of the Southern Song Dynasty, affecting even early modern-day poetic creation.

引例 Citation:

◎歌诗至于豫章始大出而力振之,后学者同作并和(hè),尽发千古之秘,亡(wú)余蕴矣。录其名字,曰江西宗派,其源流皆出豫章也。(吕本中《江西诗社宗派图》,见《云麓漫抄》卷十四)

(诗歌发展到了黄庭坚时才开始宏大,黄力振诗歌创作,后世学黄的人一并兴起、彼此呼应,诗歌创作的千古秘诀尽被挖掘,再无妙法可言。现在记录下他们的名字,命名为“江西宗派”,因为这一派都起源于江西豫章人黄庭坚。)

It was not until Huang Tingjian‘s time that poetry started to embrace grandeur. Huang tried hard to boost poetic creation. Poets of later generations, who fashioned themselves after Huang, arose in succession and echoed each other. They solved the millennial mysteries of poetic creation so completely that almost no skill was left unexplored. Hence the term “the Jiangxi School of Poetry” to recognize its founder as a native of Yuzhang, Jiangxi Province. (LüBenzhong: Branches of the Jiangxi School of Poetry)

Huang Tingjian – 黄庭坚
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