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Karma
泛指众生一切能够引发后果的行为。“业”分为身、口、意三类，分别对应身体、言语、思想的行为，它们都能够产生好坏不等的结果，故从价值上可分为善业、恶业，以及不能招致善与不善的无记业。在佛教的轮回观念中，前世行为决定了后世的生存形态。因此，不论是否以解脱为目标，为了获得期欲的结果，对于身、口、意三业的掌控都是至关重要的。
This term generally indicates any behavior of beings that may bring about a subsequent effect. Such behavior is subdivided into three kinds: corporal, verbal, and mental. The subdivision corresponds with the behaviors of the body, of speech, and of thought. They can all produce results: good, bad, or something in between. Therefore, concerning their value, one can distinguish wholesome action, evil action, and also those which cannot bring about the wholesome or the unwholesome. In the idea of the reincarnation in Buddhism, behavior in a previous life determines the form of existence in a later world. Because of this, no matter whether one has deliverance as one’s goal or not, in order to obtain a result hoped, it is extremely important to control one’s three actions: corporal, verbal, and mental.
引例 Citation:
◎多闻圣弟子不复堪任作身、口、意业，趣三恶道；正使放逸，圣弟子决定向三菩提，七有天人往来，作苦边。（《杂阿含经》卷六）
（多闻而尊贵的佛弟子不再能造作身体、言语以及思想上的业，也就不会有引向三种恶的命途；即便有所懈怠，也一定能获得觉悟，在七种命途中去往人和天的世界，并终结痛苦。）
Learned and noble disciples can no longer perform corporal, verbal, or mental action, and will not go to the three evil destinations. Even if they may be heedless, noble disciples are decidedly turned to sambodhi (perfect enlightenment), so they go to the human world and the heaven in the seven existences, and reach the end of suffering. (Miscellaneous Canonical Texts)
