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黄鹂俗称黄莺，在中国为夏候鸟。【集解】“莺处处有之。立春后即鸣，麦黄椹熟时尤甚，其音圆滑，如织机声，乃应节趋时之鸟也。”唐王涯《广宣上人以诗贺发榜和谢》：“龙门变化人皆望，莺谷飞鸣自有时。”唐罗隐《赠滈先辈令狐补阙》诗：“花迎彩服离莺谷，柳傍东风触马鞭。”
翠柳：柳树冬枯叶。初春柳叶是嫩黄色的。仲春柳叶是嫩绿色的。季春柳叶绿色变深开始发翠。夏天的柳叶才是翠色的。盛夏不适合黄鹂交配，所以黄鹂鸣翠柳的时间就在春末夏初。那么两个黄鹂所鸣也就呼之欲出。新郎官亦是官。民间有妻子称自己的丈夫为“官人”的。莺鸣乃应节趋时，暗示官位升迁。
黄鹂相对白鹭是小鸟，小鸟应节趋时。则大鸟又将如何？
白鹭的脚很长。高脚与高洁在古代是谐音。所以白鹭又暗喻高洁之士。唐刘禹锡《白鹭儿》：白鹭儿，最高格。毛衣新成雪不敌，众禽喧呼独凝寂。孤眠芊芊草，久立潺潺石。前山正无云，飞去入遥碧。”
白鹭：习性喜沿溪滩觅食。受惊扰，会依次起飞；故有一行而上的景象。联想最后一句严武任成都尹、剑南东西川节度使。经严武推荐，杜甫被任命为节度使署中参谋，检校工部员外郎。其中的连带关系是显而易见的。仿佛在官场中也看见了“一行白鹭上青天”的场景。
这个“上”字非常妙。与天上飞一行白鹭的意境拉开了距离。“上”恰到好处地描绘了这一场景，并有拔高提升的感觉。更可以引发联想到身处荒野的高洁之士被提拔高升了。突出了来船的重要性。杜甫因举荐而要去做官，提拔高升就在眼前。其中的感恩之念更是一个非常重要的表达。饮水不忘掘井人。一切都是因为来船，这个“船”字突出了这首诗的中心以及重点。更在说明一群高洁之士是被提拔高升的。
窗是房屋的配件，房屋表示有人存在。西岭是山。窗含西岭说明房屋不在山上，在山旁边。
再联想到前面所讲“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”。暮春初夏时节，此时西岭雪未化，足见雪存在之久远。千秋这个漫长的时间概念却影射了修炼的艰辛，更蕴含了多少失意与落寞。还表示岁月没有荒废，都快修炼成仙了。内中的逻辑是环环相扣并相互印证。表达的是有人在这里寒窗苦读、学成要出山的意象。这里还包含另外一层意思：自己被别人提拔是主要是因为自己修炼的结果。有一种自我的肯定。
门泊“万里之船”言下之意，接自己出山的船已经停泊在家门口了。船：在古代又称“舟”。《易·系辞下》：“舟揖之利，以济不通，致远以利天下。”船行于水，水映天。船犹如行于天上。万里船更隐含了学有所成，要去纵横天下的意味导向。
《荀子·王制》：“庶人安政，然后君子安位。传曰：‘君者，舟也；庶人者，水也。水则载舟，水则覆舟。’”
上了船也就是人生上了一个台阶，脱离了庶人阶级，进入上层阶级。这又强化了“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”所导向的要出山了的意蕴。更有“一行白鹭上青天”哪种被提拔高升的味道。
船的象征意义十分浓重。杜甫因严武举荐出来跟着严武做官共事，可以理解为上了严武的船。而三国时期有个同名同姓的东吴严武是著名棋士。其字：子卿。擅下围棋。同辈中无人能胜过该严武，所以有。官场如棋局。杜甫故意把这条船说成是东吴的，显然是在借两严武同名同姓把举荐自己的那个人喻为“棋圣”。
暗示一个政治家是棋士，还是“棋圣”；带有一种崇敬与赞美的意味存在。或许还暗示作者甘愿成为一枚棋子。这可以理解为作者一种感恩图报的宣示。行万里更有要做一番事业的寓意。而且坐船还意味着有一种要同舟共济的表达。整首诗的旨趣围绕着“船”字。所以这“东吴万里船”意味深长。
“两个黄鹂鸣翠柳”引发了“应节趋时”的话题，又从侧面见证了雪存在的久远、船来泊惊起了“一行白鹭上青天”，而又说明了学成要出山的事件。水中有天，人将坐船出行，暗喻将与高洁之士一同纵横天下。“窗含西岭千秋雪”暗示：“寒窗苦读”、“修炼得道成仙”又应承了“应节趋时”功夫不负有心人的话题。而东吴之船更点明了全篇的关键，感恩之情溢于言表。所有的意象意境都在那里有机地碰撞回荡融合。一切都让人回味无穷。
整首诗描绘的是以作者家为事件发生的中心地，时间在春末夏初的六月，家旁的柳树上成双结对的黄鹂鸟在卿卿我我地鸣叫，预示着什么事要发生。果不其然，作者所有的努力都没有白费，有船来接作者与一群高洁之士要同去做官了。事件脉络表达的非常清晰明确。
时间、事件、地点、情节、故事表述完满。并且互相印证、更有无限的想象空间。感知、感怀、感恩还注入了“修身、齐家、治国、平天下”这个人类最伟大的人生理想。更体现了文化人那种“穷则独善其身 达则兼济天下”的做人境界。表面看上去写的是优美的景物，实际上则寄托了作者此时此刻的志趣情操。
全诗以赋的方法写作，且浑然天成，而又恰到好处不露痕迹。以至于外行人以为杜甫这首诗是在描写自然风景。上下两句，两两相对，且那些明比、暗喻让人浮想联翩。是运用“赋、比、兴”的经典之作。让人见识到了什么叫托物言志，什么是诗的语言。读这样的作品几乎是与读福尔摩斯探案小说一样引人入胜。诗词之妙莫过如此。杜甫再一次向人们述说：诗是不可翻译的。▲
appreciation
The oriole is commonly known as the oriole, which is a summer migratory bird in China. [Collection] “There are warblers everywhere. They sing immediately after the beginning of spring, especially when the wheat is ripe. Their sound is smooth, like the sound of weaving machines. They are birds that follow the season.” Wang Ya of Tang Dynasty, “Master Guangxuan congratulates and thanks the public with poems”: “All people look forward to the changes of Longmen, and the flying sound of Yinggu has its own time.” Tang Luoyin’s poem “To the Ancestor Linghu Bu Que”: “The flowers welcome the colorful clothes and leave the Yinggu Valley, while the willow touches the whip by the east wind.”
Green willow: The willow has withered leaves in winter. The willow leaves are bright yellow in early spring. The willow leaves are tender green in mid spring. In spring, the willow leaves turn green and turn green. The willow leaves are green in summer. The midsummer is not suitable for the mating of orioles, so the time for orioles to sing green willows is in the late spring and early summer. Then the song of the two orioles would be heard. The groom’s official is also an official. Some wives in the folk called their husbands “officials”. The singing of the warbler is in line with the times, indicating the promotion of the official position.
The oriole is a bird compared with the egret, and the bird should approach the time at the festival. What about the big bird?
Egrets have long feet. Gao Jiao and Gao Jie are homophonic in ancient times. Therefore, egrets also imply noble people. Egrets by Liu Yuxi of Tang Dynasty: Egrets are the highest. Sweaters are defeated by new snow, and birds are clamouring and alone. Sleeping alone in the Qianqian grass, standing in the murmuring stone for a long time. The front mountain is cloudless, flying into the remote green. ”
Egret: It likes to look for food along the stream beach. If disturbed, they will take off in turn; Therefore, there is a line up scene. Lenovo’s last sentence, Yan Wu, was appointed as the envoy of Chengdu Yin, Jiannan Dongxichuan. Upon Yan Wu’s recommendation, Du Fu was appointed as a staff member of the Department of Discipline and Administration and a member of the Department of Verification. The joint relationship is obvious. It seems that I saw the scene of “a line of egrets going up into the blue sky” in the officialdom.
The word “shang” is very wonderful. And the artistic conception of a line of egrets flying in the sky has opened a distance. “Shang” describes the scene appropriately, and feels elevated. It can also lead to the promotion of noble and pure people who are in the wilderness. The importance of incoming ships is highlighted. Du Fu wanted to become an official because of his recommendation, and promotion was just around the corner. The gratitude is a very important expression. Don’t forget the well digger when drinking. Everything is because of the coming boat. The word “boat” highlights the center and focus of this poem. It also shows that a group of noble people are promoted.
Windows are accessories of houses, and houses indicate that someone exists. The west ridge is a mountain. The window with the west ridge indicates that the house is not on the mountain, but beside the mountain.
Then I think of the “two orioles singing in the green willows” mentioned earlier. In late spring and early summer, the Xiling snow has not melted, which shows that the snow has existed for a long time. The long time concept of Qianqiu reflects the hardships of cultivation, and also contains many frustrations and loneliness. It also means that the years have not been wasted, and they are almost becoming immortals. The internal logic is closely linked and mutually verified. It expresses the image of someone studying hard here and going out of the mountain after learning. There is another meaning here: I was promoted by others mainly because of my own cultivation. There is a kind of self affirmation.
As the saying goes, “A ship of ten thousand miles” is moored at the gate. Ship: also called “boat” in ancient times. The Second Part of the Book of Changes: “The benefit of boat bowing is to help the poor, and to help the world.” The boat moves in the water, and the water reflects the sky. A ship is like walking in the sky. The ten thousand mile boat also implies the meaning guidance of achieving success in learning and going to dominate the world.
Xunzi · The System of the King: “The common people are in peace, and then the gentleman is in peace. It is said: ‘The king is the boat; the common people are the water. The water carries the boat, and the water collapses the boat.'”
Getting on the boat is a step up in life, leaving the common class and entering the upper class. This also reinforces the meaning of going out of the mountain guided by “two orioles singing in the green willow”. There is also a taste of “a line of egrets go up to the blue sky”.
The symbolic meaning of the ship is very strong. Du Fu came out to work with Yan Wu as an official because of Yan Wu’s recommendation, which can be understood as getting on Yan Wu’s boat. During the Three Kingdoms Period, there was a famous chess player named Yan Wu of the Eastern Wu Dynasty. Its character: Ziqing. Good at playing Go. No one in the same generation can overcome the martial arts, so there are. Officialdom is like a chess game. Du Fu deliberately described the boat as belonging to the Eastern Wu Dynasty. It was obvious that he was using the same name of Yan Wu to describe the person who recommended him as a “chess saint”.
Suggest whether a politician is a chess player or a “chess sage”; There is a sense of reverence and admiration. It may also imply that the author is willing to be a chess piece. This can be understood as a declaration of gratitude by the author. Traveling thousands of miles means doing something. And taking a boat also means an expression of solidarity. The purport of the whole poem revolves around the word “boat”. So this “Soochow Wanli Ship” means a lot.
“Two orioles singing in the green willows” triggered the topic of “approaching the time on holidays”, and also witnessed the long existence of snow, and the arrival of a boat to berth startled “a line of egrets to the sky”, which also explained the event that Xuecheng would go out of the mountain. One day in the water, people will travel by boat, implying that they will run the world together with noble people. “The window contains the eternal snow of the Western Ridge” implies that “studying hard in the cold window” and “becoming an immortal through cultivation” have accepted the topic that “going to the time in the season” is worthy of the people who want to. The boat of Soochow points out the key of the whole article, and the feeling of gratitude is expressed in words. All the imagery and artistic conception are organically colliding, reverberating and merging there. Everything is memorable.
The whole poem depicts the author’s home as the center of the event. The time is in June at the end of spring and the beginning of summer. The orioles in pairs on the willow trees near the home are chirping each other, indicating what will happen. Sure enough, all the efforts of the author have not been wasted. There is a boat to pick up the author and a group of noble people to work together as officials. The event context is very clear.
The time, event, place, plot and story are well described. And mutual verification, more unlimited imagination space. Perception, feelings and gratitude also infuse the greatest human life ideal of “self-cultivation, family unity, governance and world peace”. It also reflects the cultural people’s life state of “being poor means being independent and helping the world”. On the surface, it looks like a beautiful scene, but in fact, it reflects the author’s interest and sentiment at this moment.
The whole poem is written in the way of Fu, and it is naturally formed without any trace. So that laymen think that Du Fu’s poem is about natural scenery. The upper and lower sentences are opposite to each other, and those similes and metaphors make people imaginative. It is a classic work using “Fu, Bi and Xing”. Let people see what is the language of poetry. Reading such works is almost as fascinating as reading Sherlock Holmes’ detective novels. There is no better poem than this. Du Fu once again told people that poetry is untranslatable. ▲
