Listen to this article鉴赏
诗以“野望”为题 ，是诗人跃马出郊时感伤时局、怀念诸弟的自我写照。
首两句写野望时所见西山和锦江。西山主峰终年积雪，因此以“白雪”形容。三城，在当时驻军严防吐蕃入侵，是蜀地要镇。
中间四句是野望时触发的有关国家和个人的感怀。三四句由战乱推出怀念诸弟，自伤流落的情思。海内外处处烽火，诸弟流散，此时“一身遥”客西蜀，如在天之一涯。诗人怀念家国，不禁“涕泪”横流。真情实感尽皆吐露不由人不感动。
五六句又由“ 天涯”“一身”引出残年“多病”，“未”贡微力，无补“圣朝”的内愧。杜甫时年五十，因此说已入“迟暮”之年。他叹息说：我只有将暮年付诸给“多病”之身，但“未有”丝毫贡献，报答“圣朝”，是很感惭愧的。
杜甫虽流落西蜀，而报效李唐王朝之心，却始终未改，足见他的爱国意识是很强烈的。中间四句，由于连用对偶尔将诗人的家国之忧，身世之感，特别是报效李唐王朝之心，艺术地得到有效概括。
七八句最后点出“野望”的方式和深沉的忧虑。“人事”，人世间的事。由于当时西山三城列兵防戍，蜀地百姓赋役负担沉重，杜甫深为民不堪命而对世事产生“日” 转“萧条”的隐忧。这是结句用意所在。诗人从草堂“跨马”，走“出”南“郊”，纵目四“望”。“ 南浦清江万里桥”是近望之景。“西山白雪三城戍 ”，是远望之景。他由“三城戍”引出成乱的感叹，由“万里桥”兴起出蜀之意。这是中间四句有关家国和个人忧念产生的原因。
杜甫“跨马出郊 ”，“极目”四“望”，原本为了排遣郁闷 。但爱国爱民的感情，却驱迫他由“望 ”到的自然景观引出对国家大事、弟兄离别和个人经历的种种反思。一时间，报效国家、怀念骨肉和伤感疾病等等思想感情，集结心头。尤其为“迟暮”“多病”发愁，为“涓埃”未“答”抱愧。
此诗前三联写野望时思想感情的变化过程，即由向外观察转为向内审视。尾联才指出由外向到内向的原因。在艺术结构上，颇有控纵自如之妙。▲
appreciate
The poem, entitled “Wild Hope”, is a self portrait of the poet who is sentimental about the current situation and misses his brothers when he leaps out of the suburbs.
The first two sentences are about the Xishan Mountain and Jinjiang River I saw when I was looking in the wild. The main peak of West Mountain is covered with snow all the year round, so it is described as “white snow”. At that time, the three cities were important towns in Sichuan, where troops were stationed to guard against Tubo invasion.
The middle four sentences are the feelings of relevant countries and individuals triggered by Yewang. Three or four sentences from the war to promote the memory of the younger brothers, self injury feelings of exile. At home and abroad, there are many wars and wars, and all the younger brothers are scattered. At this time, they are “far away” from Xishu, as if they were on the edge of the sky. The poet can’t help crying when he misses his family and country. The true feelings are all revealed and people are not moved.
Five or six sentences from the “Tianya” and “one body” lead to the “sickly” old age, “not” tribute to the micro force, which does not help the “Holy pilgrimage” shame. Du Fu was 50 years old, so he was said to have entered the “twilight” year. He sighed and said: “I can only devote my old age to being” sickly “, but it is a shame that” I have not made any contribution “to repay” Shengchao “.
Although Du Fu lived in Xishu, he never changed his mind to serve the Li and Tang dynasties, which shows that his patriotic consciousness is very strong. The middle four sentences are artistically and effectively summarized because they are used together to express the poet’s worries about his family and country, his sense of life experience, and especially his devotion to the Li Tang Dynasty.
At the end of the seven or eight sentences, the way of “wild hope” and deep anxiety are pointed out. “Personnel” is a matter in the world. At that time, due to the private garrison of the three cities in Xishan, the burden of taxes and corvees on the people in Shu was heavy, and Du Fu was deeply worried about the world affairs from “day” to “depression” because the people were helpless. This is the purpose of the concluding sentence. The poet “straddled” from the grass hall, walked “out” of the south “suburbs”, and looked at the four “sights”. “Nanpu Qingjiang Wanli Bridge” is a close view. “West Mountain is surrounded by three cities with white snow”, which is a distant view. He sighed about the chaos caused by the “three city garrison”, and the rise of the “Wanli Bridge” gave rise to the meaning of Shu. This is the reason why the middle four sentences are concerned about family, country and personal worries.
Du Fu “rode out of the suburbs”, “Jimu” and “Jimu” were originally intended to relieve depression. However, his feelings of patriotism and love for the people forced him to reflect on national affairs, brother separation and personal experiences from the natural landscape he had seen. For a time, we gathered our hearts by serving our country, remembering our bones and flesh, feeling sad about diseases and other thoughts and feelings. In particular, I was worried about “late in life” and “sickly”, and I was ashamed that “trickle down” had not been answered.
In the first three couplets of this poem, the change process of thoughts and feelings during the writing of Yewang is from outward observation to inward observation. Only the tail couplet points out the reasons for the transition from extroversion to introversion. In terms of artistic structure, it is quite wonderful to control and control freely. ▲
