Listen to this article赏析
此诗咏叹常娥（即嫦娥）在月中的孤寂情景，抒发诗人自伤之情。前两句分别描写室内、室外的环境，渲染空寂清冷的气氛，表现主人公怀思的情绪；后两句是主人公在一宵痛苦的思忆之后产生的感想，表达了一种孤寂感。全诗情调感伤，意蕴丰富，奇思妙想，真实动人。
“云母屏风烛影深，长河渐落晓星沉。”这两句描绘的是主人公环境和永夜不寐的情景。室内，烛光越来越黯淡，云母屏风上笼罩着一层深深的暗影，越发显出居室的空寂清冷，透露出主人公在长夜独坐中黯然的心境。室外，银河逐渐西移垂地，牛郎、织女隔河遥望，独处孤室的不寐者看着这一派银河即将消失。那点缀着空旷天宇的寥落晨星，也行将隐没。“沉”字正逼真地描绘出晨星低垂、欲落未落的动态，主人公的心也似乎正在逐渐沉下去。“烛影深”“长河落”“晓星沉”，表明时间已到将晓未晓之际，着一“渐”字，暗示了时间的推移流逝。索寞中的主人公，面对冷屏残烛、青天孤月，又度过了一个不眠之夜。尽管这里没有对主人公的心理作任何直接的抒写刻画，但借助于环境氛围的渲染，主人公的孤清凄冷情怀和不堪忍受寂寞包围的意绪却几乎可以触摸到。
寂静的长夜中，看到明月，也自然会联想起神话传说中的月宫仙子──嫦娥。据说她原是后羿的妻子，因为偷吃了西王母送给后羿的不死药，飞奔到月宫，成了仙子。“嫦娥孤栖与谁邻？”在孤寂的主人公眼里，这孤居广寒宫殿、寂寞无伴的嫦娥，其处境和心情不正和自己相似吗？于是，不禁从心底涌出这样的意念：嫦娥想必也懊悔当初偷吃了不死药，以致年年夜夜，幽居月宫，面对碧海青天，寂寥清冷之情难以排遣吧。“应悔”是揣度之词，这揣度正表现出一种同病相怜、同心相应的感情。由于有前两句的描绘渲染，这“应”字就显得水到渠成，自然合理。因此，后两句与其说是对嫦娥处境心情的深情体贴，不如说是主人公寂寞的心灵独白。
这位寂处幽居，永夜不寐的主人公究竟是谁？诗中并无明确的交代。诗人在《送宫人入道》诗中，曾把女冠比作“月娥孀独”，在《月夜重寄宋华阳姊妹》诗中，又以“窃药”喻指女子学道求仙。因此，说这首诗是代困守宫观的女冠抒写凄清寂寞之情，也许不是无稽之谈。唐代道教盛行，女子入道成为风气，入道后方体验到宗教清规对正常爱情生活的束缚而产生精神苦闷，三、四两句，正是对她们处境与心情的真实写照。
但是，诗中所抒写的孤寂感以及由此引起的“悔偷灵药”式的情绪，却融入了诗人独特的现实人生感受，而含有更丰富深刻的意蕴。在黑暗污浊的现实包围中，诗人精神上力图摆脱尘俗，追求高洁的境界，而追求的结果往往使自己陷于更孤独的境地。清高与孤独的孪生，以及由此引起的既自赏又自伤，既不甘变心从俗，又难以忍受孤孑寂寞的煎熬这种微妙复杂的心理，在这里被诗人用精微而富于含蕴的语言成功地表现出来了。这是一种含有浓重伤感的美，在旧时代的清高文士中容易引起广泛的共鸣。诗的典型意义也正在这里。
appreciation
This poem chants the lonely scene of Chang E in the middle of the month, expressing the poet’s feelings of self injury. The first two sentences describe the indoor and outdoor environment respectively, play up the empty and cold atmosphere, and show the protagonist’s yearning mood; The last two sentences are the feelings of the hero after a night of painful thinking, expressing a sense of loneliness. The whole poem is sentimental, rich in meaning, imaginative, real and moving.
“The candle shadow on the mica screen is deep, and the long river is falling and the stars are sinking.” These two sentences describe the hero’s environment and the scene of never sleeping. In the room, the candle light is getting darker and darker, and a deep shadow is shrouded on the mica screen, which shows the solitude of the room and the gloomy mood of the protagonist in the long night sitting alone. Outside, the Milky Way gradually moves to the west and hangs down. The Cowherd and the Weaver Maid look across the river. The sleepless people who are alone in the lonely room see that the Milky Way is about to disappear. The few morning stars embellishing the empty sky are also going to disappear. The word “Shen” vividly depicts the movement of the morning star drooping, and the hero’s heart seems to be sinking. “The candle shadow is deep”, “the river is falling” and “the morning star is sinking”, indicating that the time is approaching dawn. The word “gradually” indicates the passage of time. The lonely hero spent another sleepless night in front of the cold screen and the lonely moon. Although there is no direct description of the protagonist’s psychology here, with the help of the rendering of the environmental atmosphere, the protagonist’s lonely and desolate feelings and feelings of unbearable loneliness can almost be touched.
In the long silent night, when you see the bright moon, you will naturally associate it with Chang’e, the fairy in the moon palace. It is said that she was Hou Yi’s wife. Because she stole the elixir given to Hou Yi by Queen Mother of the West, she ran to the Moon Palace and became a fairy. “With whom does Chang’e live alone?” In the eyes of the lonely protagonist, is Chang’e, who lives alone in Guanghan Palace and is lonely and unaccompanied, not in the same situation and mood as herself? Then, I could not help thinking that Chang’e must have regretted that she had eaten the elixir secretly, so that she lived in the moon palace and faced the blue sea and blue sky. “Regret” is a word of speculation, which is showing a feeling of sympathy and solidarity. Due to the description and rendering of the first two sentences, the word “should” appears to be natural and reasonable. Therefore, the last two sentences are more lonely monologues of the protagonist’s mind than affectionate consideration of Chang’e’s situation.
Who is the hero who lives in seclusion and never sleeps? There is no clear explanation in the poem. In the poem “Sending Palace People to Taoism”, the poet once compared the female crown to “the widow of the Moon”, and in the poem “Sending Song Huayang Sisters Again on a Moonlight Night”, he used “stealing medicine” to mean that women learn from Taoism and seek immortality. Therefore, it may not be absurd to say that this poem is a description of the desolate and lonely feelings of the women who are trapped in the palace. Taoism prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, and it became a trend for women to enter the Taoism. After they entered the Taoism, they experienced the shackles of religious rules on normal love life, which led to mental distress. Three or four sentences are a true portrayal of their situation and mood.
However, the sense of loneliness expressed in the poem and the emotion of “repenting of stealing panacea” caused by it are integrated into the poet’s unique real life experience, and contain more rich and profound meaning. Surrounded by the dark and dirty reality, the poet tries to get rid of the mundane and pursue the lofty realm spiritually, and the pursuit results in a more lonely situation. The twin of aloofness and loneliness, as well as the subtle and complex psychology of self appreciation and self injury caused by it, unwilling to change their minds to follow the customs, and unable to bear the suffering of loneliness, are successfully demonstrated here by the poet in subtle and rich language. This is a kind of beauty with a strong sense of sadness, which easily aroused widespread resonance among the lofty scholars in the old times. The typical meaning of poetry is also here.
