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这是唐代西北边民对唐朝名将哥舒翰的颂歌。此诗从内容上看，是颂扬哥舒翰抵御吐蕃侵扰、安定边疆的；同时也通过这个形象寄寓了人民渴望和平、安定的理想和愿望。“北斗七星高，哥舒夜带刀”。第一句是起兴，诗人用高挂在天上的北斗星，表达边地百姓对哥舒翰的敬仰。“至今窥牧马，不敢过临洮”，牧马，就其含意而言，也就是代指一切侵扰活动。自从遭到哥舒翰的抵御，吐蕃再也不敢越过临洮进行骚扰。
这首诗题为《哥舒歌》，哥舒之所以值得歌唱，是因为他戍边抗敌，保国为民。但是，作者并不从激烈的战斗中直接表现他如何英勇善战，如何机智果敢，用兵如神等等，而是通过侧面描写的手法来突出主题。诗的第一句就把哥舒翰在人民心中的威望渲染出来。人民为何赞扬，吐蕃何故畏惧；过去吐蕃长驱直入，如今又为什么“不敢过临洮”，这都是宣扬哥舒翰的赫赫武功。可见这样的描写是很富于启发性的。“哥舒夜带刀”，这个“夜”字是颇有讲究的，它把起兴的第一句和第二句巧妙地联系起来了，把赞扬和崇敬之情融注于人物形象之中；同时又将边地的紧张气氛和人物的警备神态刻画出来了。“哥舒夜带刀”五个字干净利落，好像是一幅引人注目的人物画像。在那简炼有力、富有特征的形象中，蕴藏了一股英武之气，给人一种战则能胜的信心，而给吐蕃以“屏足不敢近”的威慑。因此，就反映人物内心世界和表现诗的主题来讲，“哥舒夜带刀”比起那种冲锋陷阵的形象更丰富、更传神，更能诱导人们的想象。
这首《哥舒歌》可能是经过修改加工后的作品，但是它那种朴实和巧妙、明朗和含蓄相统一的风格，依然显示出民歌的特色。 ▲
appreciate
This is an ode to Ge Shuhan, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty, by the northwest frontier people of the Tang Dynasty. In terms of content, this poem eulogizes Ge Shuhan’s resistance to Tubo’s invasion and stability of the frontier; At the same time, it also conveys the people’s ideals and aspirations for peace and stability through this image. “The Big Dipper is seven stars high, and Ge Shuye wears a knife”. The first sentence is to cheer up. The poet uses the Big Dipper hanging in the sky to express the admiration of the people in the border areas for Ge Shuhan. “Up to now, I have watched the horses, but I dare not cross Lintao.” As far as the implication is concerned, horse herding means all the activities of harassment. Since being resisted by Ge Shuhan, Tubo never dared to harass Lintao.
This poem is entitled “Ge Shu Song”. The reason why Ge Shu is worth singing is that he defends the border against the enemy and protects the country for the people. However, the author does not directly express how brave he is, how resourceful he is and how he uses his troops like a god from the fierce battle, but highlights the theme by means of side description. The first sentence of the poem plays up Ge Shuhan’s prestige in the hearts of the people. Why did the people praise and why did the Tubo fear; In the past, Tubo drove straight in, but now why do they “dare not cross Lintao”? This is to promote the outstanding martial arts of Ge Shuhan. It can be seen that such description is very enlightening. “Ge Shuye wears a knife”, which is a very particular word. It skillfully connects the first sentence and the second sentence of the uprising, and integrates praise and respect into the characters; At the same time, it depicts the tense atmosphere in the border area and the vigilance of the characters. The five words “Ge Shuye with a knife” are clean and neat, which seems to be a striking portrait. In that concise, powerful and characteristic image, there is a kind of heroic spirit, which gives people confidence that they can win in war, and gives the Tubo a deterrent of “keeping their feet close”. Therefore, as far as the theme of reflecting the inner world of the characters and expressing poems is concerned, “Ge Shuye with a knife” is richer, more vivid, and more able to induce people’s imagination than the image of rushing into battle.
This song “Ge Shu Ge” may be a modified work, but its simple and ingenious, clear and implicit style still shows the characteristics of folk songs. ▲
