huìmín 惠民
Benefit the People
惠爱民众,施惠于民。“惠民”属于“仁政”,是“爱民”理念的具体体现,重在把财富分给百姓,给百姓好处。它所强调的是,治国者及各级官员要得到百姓的拥护,就必须把百姓的实际利益放在第一位。亦即说,各项政策、措施必须代表、保障、实现百姓的实际利益,必须藏富于民,不能与民争利,更不能巧取豪夺。
The term means to benefit and provide for the people. Huimin (惠民) is a concrete manifestation of benevolent governance and loving the people, with focus on dividing wealth among the people and benefiting them. The emphasis is on placing the interests of the people first, so that they will support both ruler and government officials. Specifically this means all policies and measures must be in the public interest, must fulfill and ensure the real needs of the people, and make them better off; they should not conflict with the public interest, or worse, be deceitful or resort to force.
引例 Citations:
◎惟天惠民,惟辟奉天。(《尚书·周书·泰誓中》)
(上天是惠爱民众的,君主应当遵奉上天旨意[惠爱民众]。)
Heaven benefits the people, and a ruler should follow the will of heaven. (The Book of History)
◎分人以财谓之惠。(《孟子·滕文公上》)
(把财物分给众人就叫做“惠”。)
Dividing wealth among the people is called hui, or benefiting the people.(Mencius)
◎景公问政于师旷曰:“太师将奚以教寡人?”师旷曰:“君必惠民而已。”……反国,发禀粟以赋众贫,散府余财以赐孤寡,仓无陈粟,府无余财,宫妇不御者出嫁之,七十受禄米。(《韩非子·外储说右上》)
(齐景公[在晋国]向师旷请教如何处理政事,说:“您有何指教?”师旷说:“您只是要一定施惠于民罢了。”……[齐景公]回到齐国后,打开粮仓将粮食分给贫困的民众,打开府库将多余的钱财赐给孤寡之人,粮仓里没有陈年的粮食,府库也没有多余的钱财,没有临幸过的宫女都嫁了出去,七十岁以上的人可得到国家供给的粮食。
When Duke Jing of Qi was in the State of Jin, he asked Shi Kuang about how to rule, saying, “What is your advice?” Shi Kuang answered, “All you need to do is look after your people.” …The duke returned to the State of Qi, opened the state granaries, and divided up the grain among the poor; he opened the palace treasury and distributed money to those without family to support them. There was no more grain from previous years or unused wealth. Palace maids who had not found favor with him were allowed to leave and marry, and people over seventy were provided with grain by the state. (Hanfeizi)