徐渭 行书:岑参《逢入京使》
【释文】故园东望路漫漫,双袖龙钟泪不干。马上相逢无纸笔,凭君传语报平安。
【款识】天池。
【简析】
天宝八载(749),岑参第一次远赴西域,充安西节度使高仙芝幕府书记。他告别了在长安的妻子,跃马踏上漫漫征途。
也不知走了多少天,就在通西域的大路上,他忽地迎面碰见一个老相识。立马而谈,互叙寒温,知道对方要返京述职,顿时想到请他捎封家信回长安去。此诗就描写了这一情景。
第一句是写眼前的实景。“故园”指的是在长安自己的家。“东望”是点明长安的位置。离开长安已经好多天,回头一望,只觉长路漫漫,尘烟蔽天。
第二句带有夸张的意味,是强调自己思忆亲人的激情,这里就暗暗透出捎家书的微意了。“龙钟”在这里是淋漓沾湿的意思。“龙钟”和“泪不干”都形象地描绘了诗人对长安亲人无限眷念的深情神态。
三四句完全是行者匆匆的口气。走马相逢,没有纸笔,也顾不上写信了,就请你给我捎个平安的口信到家里吧!岑参此行是抱着“功名只向马上取”的雄心,此时,心情是复杂的。他一方面有对帝京、故园相思眷恋的柔情,一方面也表现了诗人开阔豪迈的胸襟。
这首诗的好处就在于不假雕琢,信口而成,而又感情真挚。诗人善于把许多人心头所想、口里要说的话,用艺术手法加以提炼和概括,使之具有典型的意义。清人刘熙载曾说:“诗能于易处见工,便觉亲切有味。”(见《艺概·诗概》)在平易之中而又显出丰富的韵味,自能深入人心,历久不忘。岑参这首诗,正有这一特色。
【Simple Translation】
In the eighth year of Tianbao (749), Cen Shen went to the western region for the first time, serving as the secretary of Gao Xianzhi, the envoy of the Anxi Festival. He said goodbye to his wife in Chang’an and set off on a long journey.
After walking for many days, he suddenly ran into an old acquaintance on the road to the West. When he knew that he was going back to the capital for duty, he thought of asking him to send a letter home to Chang’an. This poem depicts this scene.
The first line is about the actual scene in front of us. The word “homeland” refers to his own home in Chang’an. “Looking east” is to point out the location of Chang’an. It has been many days since I left Chang’an, and when I look back, I feel that the long road is long and the dust and smoke cover the sky.
The second line has an exaggerated meaning, emphasizing his passion for remembering his loved ones, and here the subtle meaning of the letter is implicitly conveyed. “Long Zhong” here means drenched and wet. Both “dragon bells” and “tears do not dry up” depict the poet’s deep feeling of longing for his relatives in Chang’an.
The third and fourth lines are entirely in the tone of a traveler in a hurry. I am in a hurry to meet you on horseback, so I don’t have a pen and paper, and I can’t write a letter, so please send me a safe message to my home! Cen Shen had the ambition of “taking success and fame only on the horse” on this trip, and he was in a complicated mood. On the one hand, he has the tender feelings of longing for the imperial capital and his hometown, and on the other hand, he also shows the poet’s open-mindedness and boldness.
The beauty of this poem lies in the fact that it is made without any pretense of elaboration, but with sincere feelings. The poet is good at distilling and summarizing what many people think and say in their mouths with artistic techniques to give them a typical meaning. The Qing dynasty’s Liu Xizai once said, “If a poem is easy to work with, it will be intimate and tasty.” (See “Artistic Overview – Poetry Overview”) The rich rhythm of the poem in the midst of the simplicity can penetrate the hearts of people and will never be forgotten. This poem of Cen Shen has this characteristic.