Listen to this articlenièpán 涅槃
Nirvana
出离轮回的状态。涅槃的字面意思是熄灭，与烦恼炽盛相对，指达到觉悟、断灭一切烦恼生死的清净状态，是佛教修行的基本目标。涅槃又分有余、无余两种：有余涅槃指觉悟后，肉身仍因前世因缘持续未灭；无余涅槃指所有业力全部消耗殆尽，生身不复，彻底从轮回状态中解脱。大乘经典拓展了涅槃的观念，以现见实相为涅槃，主张涅槃与世间的相即关系。
This term refers to the state of having left samsara, the circle of rebirth. The literal meaning of nirvana is extinction or blowing off, in contrast to affliction, which is burning like fire. It refers to the attainment of a purified state where one attains enlightenment and eradicates affliction, birth, and death. This is the primary goal for all Buddhist practices. There are two types of nirvana: with and without remainder. In “nirvana with remainder,” the practioner’s body, owing to the karmic results of his or her previous lives, remains even after the enlightenment. In “nirvana without remainder,” where the karma has been totally eliminated, and his or her physical form and consciousness are brought to an end, he or she is delivered from samsara for good. Mahayana scriptures reinvent the notion of “nirvana” by interpreting it as the perfect comprehension of the ultimate reality, so to proclaim that essentially nirvana and the mundane world are not exclusive to each other.
引例 Citation：
◎是以诸佛不出世，亦不入涅盘。本悟真心成道，真心无形，岂有出没耶？但随有心机熟，众生感见报化之身。所有见闻，皆是众生心中之影像。（释延寿《宗镜录》卷八十九）
（因此诸佛并不出现于尘世，也不完全处于涅槃寂静之中。通过觉悟本来具备的真心而得道，真心是无形的，无形的东西何来出没呢？诸佛只是根据有心的众生，在条件成熟的时候，令其看见佛的报化之身。凡有所见闻，都是众生心中呈现的影像而已。）
Buddhas are, therefore, neither found to be present in the mundane world nor to be in the state of nirvana. They attain enlightenment through realizing their own true mind, which is formless. So how can a formless thing be either present or absent? Transformations of Buddha’s body are only shown according to the occasion to those sentient beings with prepared state of mind. Hence, all the manifestations of Buddhas are nothing but the images in the sentient beings’mind. (Shi Yanshou: Records of the Source-mirror)
