Tao Yuanming Poems: An Elegy for Myself  (I) – 陶渊明《拟挽歌辞  (三首其一)》

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拟挽歌辞
 (三首其一)

有生必有死,早终非命促。

昨暮同为人,今旦在鬼录。

魂气散何之?枯形寄空木。

娇儿索[1]父啼,良友抚我哭。

得失不复知,是非安能觉?

千秋万岁后,谁知荣与辱。

但恨在世时,饮酒不得足。

陶渊明一生究竟是只活了五十几岁,还是活到63岁,至今都有争议,因此这一组自挽的诗是否是诗人临终前绝笔也就有了分歧。“有生必有死,早终非命促”指人有生必有死,即使死得早也不算短命。这一句体现诗人对生死观的中心思想,虽看似平淡却实有至理。“得失不复知,是非安能觉”,死去就不知道得与失了,哪还会有是非之感?诗人对人生的感悟是人死后一了百了,再无知觉,不如在世的时候多喝几杯酒,体现出诗人旷达的人生态度。“但恨在世时,饮酒不得足”指只恨今生在世时,饮酒不足太遗憾,最后以幽默诙谐的诗句写出肺腑之言。

注释:

[1]索:寻找。

An Elegy for Myself
 (I)

Where there is life, there must be death;

In due time we’ll breathe our last breath.

Last night we lived and filled our posts;

Today my name’s among the ghosts.

Where is my soul fled far away?

But shriveled forms in coffin stay.

My children miss their father, crying;

My friends caress my body, sighing.

For gain or loss I no more care;

Right or wrong is not my affair.

Thousands of years will pass away,

And shame and glory of today.

But I regret, while living still,

I have not drunk wine to my fill.

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