Listen to this article赏析
这是写诗人初秋夜晚的一段愁思。
首联写愁思产生的环境。访客已经离去，池水涨平了栏槛，知了停止噪鸣，清露挂满树枝，好一幅水亭秋夜的清凉图景！但是，诗句的胜处不光在于写景真切，它还细致地传达出诗人心理感受的微妙变化。如“客去”与“波平槛”，本来是互不相关的两件事，为什么要连在一起叙述呢？细细推敲，大有道理。大凡人在热闹之中，是不会去注意夜晚池塘涨水这类细节的。只有当客人告退、孤身独坐时，才会突然发现：哟，怎么不知不觉间面前的水波已涨得这么高了！同样，鸣蝉与滴露也是生活里的常事，也只有在陡然清静下来心绪无聊时，才会觉察到现象的变化。所以，这联写景实际上反映了诗人由闹至静后的特殊心境，为引起愁思作了铺垫。
第二联开始，诗人的笔触由“凉”转入“思”。永怀，即长想。此节，此刻。移时，历时、经时。诗人的身影久久倚立在水亭栏柱之间，他凝神长想，思潮起伏。读者虽还不知道他想的什么，但已经感染到那种愁思绵绵的悲凉情味。
诗篇后半进入所思的内容。北斗星，因为它屹立天极，众星围绕转动，古人常用来比喻君主，这里指皇帝驻居的京城长安。兼春，即兼年，两年。南陵，今安徽繁昌县，唐时属宣州。寓，托。两句意思是：离开长安已有两个年头，滞留远方未归；而托去南陵传信的使者，又迟迟不带回期待的消息。处在这样进退两难的境地，无怪乎诗人要产生被弃置天涯、零丁无告的感觉，屡屡借梦境占卜吉凶，甚至猜疑所联系的对方有了新结识的朋友而不念旧交了。由于写作背景难以考定，诗中所叙情事不很了了。但我们知道李商隐一生不得志，在朝只做过短短两任小官，其余时间都漂泊异乡，寄人幕下。这首诗大约写在又一次飘零途中，缅怀长安而不得归，寻找新的出路又没有结果，素抱难展，托身无地，只有归结于悲愁抑郁的情思。“凉思”一题，语意双关：既指“思”由“凉”生，也意味着思绪悲凉。按照这样的理解，“凉”和“思”又是通篇融贯为一体的。
此诗抒情采用直写胸臆的方式，不象作者一般诗作那样婉曲见意，但倾吐胸怀仍有宛转含蓄之处，并非一泻无余。语言风格疏郎清淡，不假雕饰，也有别于李商隐一贯的精工典丽的作风，正适合于表现那种凄冷萧瑟的情怀。大作家善于随物赋形，不受一种固定风格的拘限，于此可见一斑。▲
appreciation
This is the poet’s melancholy in early autumn night.
The first page is about the environment where melancholy occurs. The visitors have left. The water in the pool has leveled the fence. The cicadas have stopped making noises. The dew is all over the branches. What a cool picture of the water pavilion in autumn! However, the beauty of the poem lies not only in the vivid scenery, but also in the subtle changes of the poet’s psychological feelings. For example, “guest going” and “wave leveling threshold” are originally two unrelated things. Why should they be described together? It makes a lot of sense. Most people will not pay attention to such details as the rising of the pond at night when they are busy. Only when the guests leave and sit alone, can they suddenly find: Oh, how come the waves in front of them have risen so high unconsciously! Similarly, cicadas and dews are also common events in life, and only when you are suddenly calm down and bored will you be aware of the changes in the phenomenon. Therefore, this couplet actually reflects the poet’s special state of mind from noisy to quiet, laying the groundwork for causing melancholy.
At the beginning of the second couplet, the poet’s strokes changed from “cool” to “thinking”. To cherish forever is to think long. This section, now. Time shifting, duration, time passing. The poet’s figure was standing between the columns of the water pavilion for a long time, and he thought for a long time. Although the reader does not know what he is thinking, he has already been infected with the sad and desolate feeling.
The second half of the poem goes into the content of thinking. The Big Dipper stands at the end of the sky, and the stars revolve around it. The ancients often used it as a metaphor for the monarch. Here, it refers to Chang’an, the capital where the emperor resides. Concurrent spring, that is, concurrent year, two years. Nanling, now Fanchang County, Anhui Province, belonged to Xuanzhou in the Tang Dynasty. Yu, Tuo. It has been two years since I left Chang’an, and I have stayed far away; However, the messenger who sent the message to Nanling did not bring back the expected news. In such a dilemma, it is no wonder that the poet has a feeling of being abandoned to the horizon and has no news. He often uses dreams to divine good or bad luck, and even suspects that the other person he contacts has new friends instead of old ones. Because the writing background is difficult to determine, the events described in the poem are not very good. But we know that Li Shangyin did not succeed in his life. He only served as a petty official for a short period of time in the imperial court, and spent the rest of his life wandering in foreign lands. This poem is about to be written on another wandering journey, remembering Chang’an and not going back, searching for a new way out without results, holding it in one’s arms is difficult to develop, and there is no place to hold it, only due to sadness and depression. The topic “cool thinking” is a pun: it means that “thinking” is born from “cool”, and it also means that thoughts are sad. According to this understanding, “cool” and “thinking” are integrated into the whole article.
This poem expresses feelings in a direct way, which is not as tactful as the author’s general poems. However, there are still some subtle points in pouring out the mind, which is not a torrent. The language style is sparse and simple, not fake, but also different from Li Shangyin’s consistent refined and elegant style, which is just suitable for expressing that bleak feeling. It can be seen from the fact that great writers are good at adapting to circumstances and are not restricted by a fixed style. ▲
