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这首诗形象地描绘了庐山瀑布雄奇壮丽的景色，反映了诗人对祖国大好河山的无限热爱。
首句“日照香炉生紫烟”。“香炉”是指庐山的香炉峰。此峰在庐山西北，形状尖圆，像座香炉。由于瀑布飞泻，水气蒸腾而上，在丽日照耀下，仿佛有座顶天立地的香炉冉冉升起了团团紫烟。一个“生”字把烟云冉冉上升的景象写活了。此句为瀑布设置了雄奇的背景，也为下文直接描写瀑布渲染了气氛。
次句“遥看瀑布挂前川”。“遥看瀑布”四字照应了题目《望庐山瀑布》。“挂前川” 是说瀑布像一条巨大的白练从悬崖直挂到前面的河流上。“挂”字化动为静，惟妙惟肖地写出遥望中的瀑布。
诗的前两句从大处着笔，概写望中全景：山顶紫烟缭绕，山间白练悬挂，山下激流奔腾，构成一幅绚丽壮美的图景。
第三句“飞流直下三千尺”，一笔挥洒，字字铿锵有力。“飞”字，把瀑布喷涌而出的景象描绘得极为生动；“直下”，既写出山之高峻陡峭，又可以见出水流之急，那高空直落，势不可挡之状如在眼前。
诗人犹嫌未足，接着又写上一句“疑是银河落九天”，真是想落天外，惊人魂魄。“疑是”值得细味，诗人明明说得恍恍惚惚，而读者也明知不是，但是又都觉得只有这样写，才更为生动、逼真，其奥妙就在于诗人前面的描写中已经孕育了这一形象。巍巍香炉峰藏在云烟雾霭之中，遥望瀑布就如从云端飞流直下，临空而落，这就自然地联想到像是一条银河从天而降。可见，“疑是银河落九天”这一比喻，虽是奇特，但在诗中并不是凭空而来，而是在形象的刻画中自然地生发出来的。
这首诗极其成功地运用了比喻、夸张和想象，构思奇特，语言生动形象、洗炼明快。苏东坡十分赞赏这首诗，说“帝遣银河一脉垂，古来唯有谪仙词”。“谪仙”就是李白。《望庐山瀑布》的确是状物写景和抒情的范例。
appreciation
This poem vividly depicts the magnificent scenery of Lushan Waterfall and reflects the poet’s boundless love for the beautiful rivers and mountains of the motherland.
The first sentence is “Sunshine censer gives birth to purple smoke”. “Incense burner” refers to the Incense burner peak in Lushan Mountain. This peak is located in the northwest of Lushan Mountain. It is sharp and round, like a censer. As the waterfall flew down, the water vapor was steaming up. Under the sunshine, it seemed that there was a towering censer slowly rising purple smoke. A word “life” brings the scene of rising clouds to life. This sentence sets a magnificent background for the waterfall, and also adds atmosphere to the direct description of the waterfall below.
The next sentence is “watching the waterfall hanging in front of the river”. The words “Watching Waterfall from afar” refer to the title “Watching Lushan Waterfall”. “Hanging Qianchuan” means that the waterfall is like a huge white train hanging from the cliff to the river in front. The word “hang” turns movement into stillness, and vividly depicts the waterfall in the distance.
The first two lines of the poem start from the big place and outline the panoramic view: the purple smoke around the mountain top, the white practice hanging in the mountains, and the torrent rushing down the mountain constitute a magnificent picture.
The third sentence, “Flying down three thousand feet”, is sonorous and powerful. The word “fly” vividly depicts the scene of the waterfall gushing out; “Straight down” not only describes the high and steep mountains, but also shows the rapidity of the water flow. The high altitude falls like an unstoppable shape in front of us.
The poet was still not satisfied, and then wrote a sentence, “It is suspected that the Milky Way is falling into the sky”. He really wanted to fall out of the sky, which was amazing. “Doubt is” is worth pondering. The poet clearly said that he was in a trance, and the readers knew that he was not, but they all felt that only by writing it in this way could it be more vivid and lifelike. The mystery is that the poet’s previous description has bred this image. The towering Incense Burner Peak is hidden in the clouds and mist. Looking at the waterfall from afar, it is like flying down from the clouds and falling in the sky, which naturally reminds us that it is like a Milky Way falling from the sky. It can be seen that the metaphor of “the Milky Way is suspected to fall into the sky” is strange, but it does not come out of nowhere in the poem, but comes out naturally in the image portrayal.
This poem is extremely successful in using metaphor, exaggeration and imagination. It has a unique conception, vivid and vivid language, and is clear and concise. Su Dongpo appreciated this poem very much, saying that “the emperor sent the Milky Way down in one continuous line, and there was only words about banishing immortals in ancient times”. The “banished immortal” is Li Bai. “Watching Lushan Waterfall” is indeed an example of scenery description and lyricism.
