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这首诗不同于王勃《送杜少府之任蜀州》那种少年刚肠的离别，也不同于王维《渭城曲》那种深情体贴的离别。而是表现一种充满诗意的离别。其之所以如此，是因为这是两位风流潇洒的诗人的离别，还因为这次离别跟一个繁华的时代、繁华的季节、繁华的地区相联系，在愉快的分手中还带着诗人的向往，这就使得这次离别多了点诗意，少了份伤感。
李白与孟浩然的交往，是他当年轻快意的时候，所以眼里所看到的无不是美好惬意。这次离别正是开元盛世，太平而又繁荣，季节是烟花三月、春意最浓的时候，从黄鹤楼顺着长江而下，这一路都是繁花似锦。李白是那样一个浪漫、爱好游览的人，所以这次离别完全是在很浓郁的畅想曲和抒情诗的气氛里进行的。李白心里没有什么忧伤和不愉快，相反地认为孟浩然这趟旅行快乐得很，他向往扬州地区，又向往孟浩然，所以一边送别，一边心也就跟着飞翔，胸中有无穷的诗意随着江水荡漾。
“故人西辞黄鹤楼”，这一句不光是为了点题，更因为黄鹤楼是天下名胜，可能是两位诗人经常流连聚会之所。因此一提到黄鹤楼，就带出种种与此处有关的富于诗意的生活内容。而黄鹤楼本身，又是传说仙人飞上天空去的地方，这和李白心目中这次孟浩然愉快地去广陵，又构成一种联想，增加了那种愉快的、畅想曲的气氛。
“烟花三月下扬州”，在“三月”上加“烟花”二字，把送别环境中那种诗的气氛涂抹得尤为浓郁。烟花，指烟雾迷蒙，繁花似锦。给读者的感觉绝不是一片地、一朵花，而是看不尽、看不透的大片阳春烟景。三月是烟花之时，而开元时代繁华的长江下游，又正是烟花之地。“烟花三月”，不仅再现了那暮春时节、繁华之地的迷人景色，而且也透露了时代气氛。此句意境优美，文字绮丽，清人孙洙誉为“千古丽句”。 李白渴望去扬州之情溢于言表。
诗的后两句看起来似乎是写景，但在写景中包含着一个充满诗意的细节。“孤帆远影碧空尽”李白一直把朋友送上船，船已经扬帆而去，而他还在江边目送远去的风帆。李白的目光望着帆影，一直看到帆影逐渐模糊，消失在碧空的尽头，可见目送时间之长。帆影已经消逝了，然而李白还在翘首凝望，这才注意到一江春水，在浩浩荡荡地流向远远的水天交接之处。
最后一句是眼前景象，但又不单纯是写景。李白对朋友的一片深情，李白的向往，正体现在这富有诗意的神驰目注之中。诗人的心潮起伏，正像滚滚东去的一江春水。总之，这一场极富诗意的、两位风流潇洒的诗人的离别，对李白来说，又是带着一片向往之情的离别，被诗人用绚烂的阳春三月的景色，将放舟长江的宽阔画面，将目送孤帆远影的细节，极为传神地表现出来。▲
appreciation
This poem is different from Wang Bo’s hearty departure of youth in Farewell to Du Shaofu as Shuzhou, or Wang Wei’s affectionate departure in Weicheng Song. It is a poetic departure. The reason why this is so is that it is the departure of the two elegant poets, and also because this departure is connected with a prosperous era, prosperous season, and prosperous region. The happy separation also brings the poet’s yearning, which makes this departure more poetic and less sad.
Li Bai’s association with Meng Haoran was when he was young and happy, so what he saw in his eyes was all good and pleasant. This departure is the golden age of the Kaiyuan era. It is peaceful and prosperous. The season is the third month of fireworks and the spring is the strongest. The journey down the Yangtze River from the Yellow Crane Tower is full of flowers. Li Bai is such a romantic person who likes to visit, so this departure is entirely in the atmosphere of rich imaginations and lyric poems. Li Bai didn’t feel sad or unhappy. On the contrary, he thought Meng Haoran was very happy on this trip. He longed for Yangzhou and Meng Haoran, so when he saw him off, his heart also flew with him, and there was an infinite poetic feeling in his chest rippling with the river.
The sentence “My old friend left the Yellow Crane Tower in the west” is not only for the purpose of pointing out the topic, but also because the Yellow Crane Tower is a famous place in the world, which may be the place where the two poets often linger and gather. Therefore, the mention of the Yellow Crane Tower brings out various poetic life contents related to this place. The Yellow Crane Tower itself is also the place where the legendary immortals fly to the sky. This is also a kind of association with Li Bai’s idea that Meng Haoran went to Guangling happily this time, which adds the atmosphere of happy and imaginative music.
“Fireworks come to Yangzhou in March”. The word “fireworks” is added to “March”, which makes the poetic atmosphere in the farewell environment more intense. Fireworks are misty and colorful. The feeling to the readers is not a piece of land or a flower, but a vast expanse of sunshine and spring scenery. March is the time of fireworks, and the prosperous lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the Kaiyuan era are also the place of fireworks. “Fireworks in March” not only represents the charming scenery of the late spring and prosperous place, but also reveals the atmosphere of the times. This sentence has a beautiful artistic conception and beautiful writing. Sun Zhu of the Qing Dynasty praised it as “a beautiful sentence for thousands of years”. Li Bai is eager to go to Yangzhou.
The last two sentences of the poem seem to be a description of scenery, but it contains a poetic detail. Li Bai has been sending his friends on the boat. The boat has already set sail and gone, while he is still watching the sails go by the river. Li Bai looked at Fan Ying. He always saw that Fan Ying was gradually blurred and disappeared at the end of the blue sky, which showed that he had been watching for a long time. The shadow of the sail has disappeared, but Li Bai is still gazing at it, and then he notices that a river of spring water is flowing towards the distant junction of water and sky.
The last sentence is about the scene in front of us, but it is not just about scenery. Li Bai’s deep feelings for his friends and his yearning are embodied in this poetic attention. The poet’s mood rises and falls like a river flowing eastward. In a word, the departure of the two poets, who are very poetic and unrestrained, is also a yearning departure for Li Bai. The poet used the gorgeous scenery of spring and March to show the broad picture of setting boats on the Yangtze River and the details of watching the lone sail far away. ▲
