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关山月[1]
李白
明月出天山[2]，
苍茫云海间。
长风几万里，
吹度玉门关[3]。
汉下白登道[4]，
胡窥青海湾[5]。
由来征战地，
不见有人还。
戍客[6]望边色，
思归多苦颜。
高楼[7]当此夜，
叹息未应闲。
注释：
[1] 关山月：乐府《鼓角横吹》十五曲之一。《乐府古题要解》：“ 《关山月》，伤离别也。”唐玄宗开元后期和天宝年间，唐王朝不断发动与周边少数民族的战争。李白借此乐府旧题，写远离家乡的戍边将士与家中妻室的相互思念之情。
[2] 天山：祁连山，位于甘肃省西北部。匈奴语呼天为“祁连”，故祁连山亦称“天山”。
[3] 玉门关：为古时通往西域的要道，故址在今甘肃省敦煌市西北。此处泛指西北边地。
[4] “汉下”句：下，出兵。白登，山名，在今山西省大同市东北。据《史记·匈奴列传》记载，汉高祖刘邦曾在白登山附近与匈奴作战，并被围困七日。
[5] “胡窥”句：窥，窥伺、侵扰。青海湾，即青海湖，在今青海省东北部，唐玄宗开元年间，唐军曾多次在此与吐蕃交战。
[6] 戌客：指戍边将士。
[7] 高楼：戍边将士妻子的居所，代指戍客的妻子。
The Moon over the Mountain Pass
Li Bai
From Heaven’s Peak the moon rises bright
Over a boundless sea of cloud.
Winds blow for miles with main and might
Past the Jade Gate which stands so proud.
Our warriors march down the frontier,
While Tartars peer across Blue Bays.
From the battlefield outstretched here,
None have come back since olden days.
Guards watch the scene of borderland,
Thinking of home with wistful eyes.
Tonight upstairs their wives would stand,
Looking afar with longing sighs.
Seeing the moon, warriors on the frontier and their wives at home long for each other.
《关山月》是唐代伟大诗人李白借乐府旧题创作的一首五古。此诗写远离家乡的戍边将士与家中妻室的相互思念之情，深刻地反映了战争带给广大民众的痛苦。全诗分为三层，开头四句，主要写关、山、月三种因素在内的辽阔的边塞图景，从而表现出征人怀乡的情绪；中间四句，具体写到战争的景象，战场悲惨残酷；后四句写征人望边地而思念家乡，进而推想妻子月夜高楼叹息不止。此诗如同一幅由关山明月、沙场哀怨、戍客思归三部分组成的边塞图长卷，以怨情贯穿全诗，色调统一，浑然一体，气象雄浑，风格自然。
“The Moon over the Mountain Pass” is a poem written by Li Bai, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, on the old theme of music. The poem is about the mutual longing between the soldiers and their wives and families who are far away from their hometowns, and profoundly reflects the suffering of the general public brought by war. The poem is divided into three layers: the first four lines are about a vast border scene with three elements: the pass, the mountain and the moon, thus showing the conqueror’s nostalgia for his hometown; the middle four lines are about the scene of war and the tragic and cruel battlefield; the last four lines are about the conqueror looking at the border and missing his hometown, and then thinking about his wife’s sighing in the high building on the moonlit night. This poem is like a long scroll of a border picture composed of three parts: the bright moon on the mountain, the sands, and the longing for the return of the garrison guest, with the grievances running through the whole poem.
