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洞庭湖，是中国第二大淡水湖，在湖南北部。张丞相指张九龄。这是一首投赠之作，诗人希望时任中书令的张九龄予以援引，但是，诗人却没有直说，而是通过面临烟波浩淼的洞庭欲渡无舟的感叹以及临渊而羡鱼的情怀而曲折地表达出来，已具浓郁的诗意，同时，对于在此本来是藉以表意的洞庭湖，在诗人的笔下却得到泼墨山水般的大笔渲绘，呈现出八百里洞庭的阔大境象与壮伟景观，实际上已成为山水杰作。
首先点明时令，时值“八月”，湖水泛溢，可见当年秋汛汹涌，一个“平”字，可见湖水涨漫，已溢出堤岸，造成湖水与湖岸相平的景象。洞庭本来就号称八百里，加上这样的浩大水势，其水岸相接、广阔无垠的情状更增浩瀚气势。此时，诗人面对洞庭，极目远望，则不仅水岸相平，而且呈现出水天相接的景象，仰观俯瞰，天空映照湖中，似乎是湖水包孕了天宇，“涵虚”，足见其大，“混太清”，足见其阔。如此壮阔的湖面，自然风云激荡，波涛汹涌，古老的云梦泽似乎在惊涛中沸滚蒸腾，雄伟的岳阳城似乎被巨浪冲撞得摇荡不已，一个“蒸”字，一个“撼”字，力重千钧，自然的湖泊一下子具有了自觉的意识，静态的地理由此取得了飞扬的动势，足见其非凡的艺术表现力和撼人心魄的艺术效果。▲
appreciation
Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, is located in northern Hunan. Prime Minister Zhang refers to Zhang Jiuling. This is a piece of work that the poet hoped Zhang Jiuling, who was then the secretary of the imperial court, would quote. However, the poet did not say it directly, but expressed it in a zigzag way through his lamentation that he wanted to cross a boat when facing the vast expanse of water and his feelings of admiring fish when facing the abyss. At the same time, the Dongting Lake, which was originally intended to express his feelings here, was painted like a splash of ink under the poet’s pen, The vast scene and magnificent landscape of the 800 mile Dongting has actually become a masterpiece of mountains and waters.
First of all, the time of the season was marked. It was “August”. The lake overflowed. It can be seen that the autumn flood was raging. A word of “flat” means that the lake was swollen and overflowed the bank, causing the lake to be level with the bank. Dongting has always been known as 800 li. With such a huge water potential, its vast and boundless water banks are connected to each other. At this time, when facing the Dongting, the poet looked at it from afar, and not only the water and the bank were flat, but also the water and the sky were connected. Looking up and looking down, the sky reflected the lake, and it seemed that the lake water contained the sky. The “modesty” showed its greatness, and the “confusion” showed its vastness. With such a magnificent lake, the natural wind and clouds are surging and the waves are turbulent. The ancient Yunmengze seems to be boiling in the waves, and the majestic Yueyang City seems to be swayed by the waves. One word “steaming” and one word “shaking” are extremely powerful. The natural lake suddenly has a sense of consciousness, and the static geography has achieved a flying momentum, which shows its extraordinary artistic expression and soul stirring artistic effect. ▲
