痴 – Chinese philosophy and culture

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chī 痴

Obsessiveness / Ignorance / Perplexity

痴本义为愚笨、呆傻、疯癫等,引申为痴迷、执著及为人处事上的怪诞、成癖、不通世务等。与世俗的精明算计相比,痴人一往情深,不计代价,形同呆傻,亦往往不追求功名利禄,不慕荣华富贵,与正统教条观念相违背。痴可用于痴情、痴言、痴行等,侧重于一派天真自然,纯任性情,特立独行,不惧世俗眼光。“痴”又为佛教术语,义同“无明”,谓愚昧无知,不明万法事理。佛教将贪、嗔、痴列为“三毒”,认为它们是诸恶产生的根源。

This term originally means stupidity, foolishness or madness, and by extension it becomes closely associated with fascination, persistence, weirdness in dealing with people and things. Compared with shrewd, calculating worldly people, people with obsessions tend to be utterly devoted and passionate to the degree of being like fools. They engage in fond love, fond speech and fond behavior, value innocence, true self and individual character, but they seek no fame, wealth or power, and have no fear of worldly judgment. Chi (痴 moha) is also a Buddhist term, which means ignorance or perplexity. It is the benighted state of mind, being unaware of the reality of the world. Buddhism lists ignorance as one of the three poisons, the other two being greed and resentment, from which all (other) evils originate.

引例 Citations:

◎诗骨耸东野,诗涛涌退之。有时踉跄行,人惊鹤阿师。可惜李杜死,不见此狂痴。(孟郊《戏赠无本》)

([贾岛]的诗其内在的骨像孟郊一样高耸,其才思之波涛如韩愈一样翻涌。有时走起路来踉踉跄跄,像是个清瘦如鹤的禅师。可惜李白、杜甫都死了,不能见到贾岛的狂放痴呆。)

Jia Dao’s poetic aspiration soars like mine / and his poetic talent matches that of Han Yu. / Sometimes he staggers when he walks / like a thin Zen monk. / What a pity that Li Bai and Du Fu have passed away, / unable to see how other worldly this man appears! (Meng Jiao: A Poem Playfully Written to Present to Jia Dao)

◎云何为痴?于诸理事迷暗为性,能障无痴,一切杂染所依为业。(《成唯识论》卷六)

(什么叫“痴”?痴就是迷失心性,不明事理,妨碍正确的认知,因此是一切烦恼存在的依归及根源。)

What is perplexity? It is the loss of one’s true nature and the failure to see things in their true light. Perplexity prevents correct understanding, so it is the root cause of all mortal cares. (Collected Commentaries on Mind-only Buddhism)

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