笪重光 行书:刘禹锡《秋词》(其二)
【释文】山明水净夜来霜,数树深红出浅黄。试上高楼清入骨,岂如春色嗾人狂。
【款识】江上外史笪重光。
【简析】
自古逢秋悲寂寥, 我言秋日胜春朝。
晴空一鹤排云上, 便引诗情到碧霄。
山明水净夜来霜, 数树深红出浅黄。
试上高楼清入骨, 岂如春色嗾人狂。
这两首诗的可贵,在于诗人对秋天和秋色的感受与众不同,一反过去文人悲秋的传统,唱出了昂扬的励志高歌。
诗人深深懂得古来悲秋的实质是志士失志,对现实失望,对前途悲观,因而在秋天只看到萧条,感到寂寥,死气沉沉。诗人同情他们的遭遇和处境,但不同意他们的悲观失望的情感。他针对这种寂寥之感,偏说秋天比那万物萌生、欣欣向荣的春天要好,强调秋天并不死气沉沉,而是很有生气。他指引人们看那振翅高举的鹤,在秋日晴空中,排云直上,矫健凌厉,奋发有为,大展鸿图。显然,这只鹤是独特的、孤单的。但正是这只鹤的顽强奋斗,冲破了秋天的肃杀氛围,为大自然别开生面,使志士们精神为之抖擞。这只鹤是不屈志士的化身,奋斗精神的体现。所以诗人说,“便引诗情到碧霄”。“诗言志”,“诗情”即志气。人果真有志气,便有奋斗精神,便不会感到寂寥。这就是第一首的主题思想。
这两首《秋词》主题相同,但各写一面,既可独立成章,又是互为补充。其一赞秋气,其二咏秋色。气以励志,色以冶情。所以赞秋气以美志向高尚,咏秋色以颂情操清白。景随人移,色由情化。景色如容妆,见性情,显品德。春色以艳丽取悦,秋景以风骨见长。第二首的前二句写秋天景色,诗人只是如实地勾勒其本色,显示其特色,明净清白,有红有黄,略有色彩,流露出高雅闲淡的情韵,泠然如文质彬彬的君子风度,令人敬肃。谓予不信,试上高楼一望,便使你感到清澈入骨,思想澄净,心情肃然深沉,不会象那繁华浓艳的春色,教人轻浮若狂。末句用“春色嗾人狂”反比衬托出诗旨,点出全诗暗用拟人手法,生动形象,运用巧妙。
这是两首抒发议论的即兴诗。诗人通过鲜明的艺术形象表达深刻的思想,既有哲理意蕴,也有艺术魅力,发人思索,耐人吟咏。法国大作家巴尔扎克说过,艺术是思想的结晶,“艺术作品就是用最小的面积惊人的地集中了最大量的思想”,因而能唤起人们的想象、形象和深刻的美感。刘禹锡这两首《秋词》给予人们的不只是秋天的生气和素色,更唤醒人们为理想而奋斗的英雄气概和高尚情操,获得深刻的美感和乐趣。
【Simple Translation】
Since ancient times, autumn is sad and lonely, I say that autumn is better than spring.
A crane in the clear sky is on the clouds, and it leads poetry to the blue sky.
The mountains are clear and the water is clean and frosty at night, and the trees are red and light yellow.
Try to go up to the high building and see the clearness of the bones, not like the spring color incites people to be crazy.
These two poems are valuable because the poet’s feelings about autumn and autumn colors are different from those of the literati in the past, and he sings an inspiring song.
The poet understands that the essence of ancient sadness is that the aspirants have lost their ambition, are disappointed with the reality and pessimistic about the future, so they only see depression, feel lonely and dead in autumn. The poet sympathizes with their sufferings and situation, but does not agree with their pessimistic and disappointing feelings. In response to this feeling of loneliness, he says that autumn is better than the spring when everything is budding and thriving, emphasizing that autumn is not dead and dreary, but very lively. He instructs people to look at the crane with its wings lifted high in the clear autumn sky, rising straight up to the clouds, vigorous and vigorous, spreading out its ambitions. Obviously, this crane is unique and alone. But it is the crane’s tenacious struggle that breaks through the stern atmosphere of autumn and gives a new face to nature, making the spirits of the aspirants tremble. This crane is the embodiment of the indomitable warrior, the embodiment of the spirit of struggle. That’s why the poet said, “Then the poetic feelings are drawn to the blue sky”. “Poetry speaks the will”, and “poetic sentiment” means ambition. If a person really has ambition, he will have the spirit of struggle and will not feel lonely. This is the theme idea of the first song.
These two “Autumn Lyrics” have the same theme, but each of them is written in its own way, and they can be independent chapters and complement each other at the same time. One of them praises the autumn atmosphere, while the other chants the autumn colors. The qi is to inspire ambition, and the colors are to please the emotions. So praise the autumn air to the beauty of noble aspirations, chanting autumn colors to celebrate the sentiment of innocence. The scenery moves with the person, the color by the emotion. Landscape as makeup, see the nature of feelings, show character. The spring color is pleasing to the eyes, while the autumn scenery is long on bones. The first two lines of the second song write about the autumn scenery, the poet only truthfully outlines its original color, showing its characteristics, clear and white, red and yellow, slightly colorful, revealing elegant and leisurely rhyme, cold as a gentleman’s poise of literary quality and elegance, people respect. If you don’t believe me, try to go up to the high building and have a look, you will feel clear to your bones, your thoughts are pure, and your mood is serious and deep, not like the prosperous and colorful spring colors, which make people frivolous and crazy. In the last line, the poem’s meaning is set off by the inverse comparison of “spring colors incite people to madness”, and the poem’s implicit use of personification is vivid and clever.
These are two impromptu poems that express arguments. The poet expresses profound thoughts through distinctive artistic images, which have both philosophical implications and artistic charm, making them thought-provoking and charming. The great French writer Balzac said that art is the crystallization of ideas, and that “a work of art is a work that concentrates the greatest number of ideas in the smallest possible area”, thus evoking people’s imagination, images and profound sense of beauty. Liu Yuxi’s two “Autumn Lyrics” give people not only the vitality and plainness of autumn, but also the heroic spirit and noble sentiment of struggling for ideals, and the profound sense of beauty and pleasure.