Listen to this articlefánnǎo 烦恼
Kleśa / Affliction
佛教指众生身心受到扰乱而产生的迷惑、苦恼等精神状态。烦恼实质上是由错误认识所导致的精神上的自我束缚。凡夫在迷惑状态下，由于将自我妄执为实有，对事物产生贪恋，而以此为驱动力的种种行为，将产生业力并导致轮回。烦恼由此被视为束缚。最基本的烦恼有贪、嗔、痴三种，俗称“三毒”。佛教对烦恼有极其精微的分类，认为只有通过辨识烦恼，并一一对治，才能解除迷惑苦恼的状态。
In Buddhism, “affliction” refers to the confused or upset state of mind owing to the turbulence in one’s physical or mental being. It is actually a self-imposed bondage incurred by misunderstanding. A common man, due to his ignorance, takes his self as real and then attaches to things (to fulfill his own desires). The desires drive many kinds of conduct, which then result in karma and the involvement in the cycle of rebirth. In this sense, affliction is essentially human bondage. There are three basic kinds of afflictions: greed, resentment, and ignorance, also known collectively as “the three poisons.” In Buddhism, there is a meticulous classification of various afflictions, for it is believed that only by careful observation and by identifying each sort could one release himself from such bondages.
引例 Citations：
◎“烦”是扰义，“恼”是乱义，扰乱有情，故名烦恼。（释窥基《成唯识论述记》卷一）
（“烦”就是身心受到干扰，“恼”就是心智产生惑乱，它们烦扰惑乱了众生的身心状态，所以称之为“烦恼”。）
Fannao (affliction) is glossed respectively by fan and nao: fan is being disturbed, and nao is getting disordered. It is so called because it confuses or upsets the sentient beings. (Shi Kuiji: Annotations on Collected Commentaries to the Perfection of Consciousness-only)
◎心、佛、众生、菩提、烦恼，名异体一。汝等当知自己心灵，体离断常，性非垢净，湛然圆满，凡圣齐同，应用无方。（释道原《景德传灯录·石头希迁禅师》）
（个体的心识、不论觉者还是众生、智慧还是烦恼，它们仅仅名称有别，指的实是同一个东西。你们应当明白自己的心灵，从身体上而言无所谓断灭或恒常，其本质也没有垢净之分，它本来就是纯粹圆满的，凡夫与圣贤在这一点上没有差别，其功用无所不在。）
The mind, Buddha and beings, bodhi and afflictions, these terms are different, but they refer to the same thing. You must know that your own mind is really without annihilation or permanence. It is neither impure nor pure by nature. It is clear and perfect. With regard to this, the common and the noble are completely equal. This (same mind) functions in omnipresence. (Shi Daoyuan: Buddhist Teachings During the Jingde Reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song)
