Listen to this article赵冷月 行书：王维《少年行四首》（其一）
【释文】新丰美酒斗十千，咸阳游侠多少年。相逢意气为君饮，系马高楼垂柳边。
【款识】王维诗，冷月。
【简析】
《少年行》是王维的七绝组诗，共四首。分咏长安少年游侠高楼纵饮的豪情，报国从军的壮怀，勇猛杀敌的气概和功成无赏的遭遇。各首均可独立，合起来又是一个整体，好象人物故事衔接的四扇画屏。
第一首写少年游侠的日常生活。要从日常生活的描写中显示出少年游侠的精神风貌，选材颇费踌躇。诗人精心选择了高楼纵饮这一典型场景。游侠重意气，重然诺，而这种性格又总是和“使酒”密不可分，所谓“三杯吐然诺，五岳倒为轻”，把饮酒的场景写活，少年游侠的形象也就跃然纸上了。
前两句分写“新丰美酒”与“咸阳游侠”。二者本不一定相关，这里用对举方式来写，却给人这样的感觉：京华地区，着称于世的人物虽多，却只有少年游侠堪称人中之杰，新丰美酒堪称酒中之冠。而这二者，又象“快马须健儿，健儿须快马”那样，存在着密不可分、相得益彰的关系。新丰美酒，似乎天生就为少年游侠增色而设；少年游侠，没有新丰美酒也显不出他们的豪纵风流。第一句把酒写得很足，第二句写游侠，只须从容承接，轻轻一点，少年们的豪纵不羁之气、挥金如土之概都可想见。同时，这两句一张一弛的节奏、语调，还构成了一种特有的轻爽流利的风调，吟诵之余，少年游浃顾盼自如、风流自赏的神情也宛然在目了。前两句写了酒，也写了少年游侠，第三句“相逢意气为君饮”把二者连结在一起。“意气”包含的内容很丰富，轻生报国的壮烈情怀，重义疏财的侠义性格，豪纵不羁的气质，使酒任性的作风，等等，都是侠少的共同特点，都可以包含在这似乎无所不包的“意气”之中。而这一切，对侠少们来说，无须经过长期交往，只要相逢片刻，攀谈数语，就可以彼此倾心，一见如故。这就是所谓“相逢意气”。路逢知己，彼此都感到要为对方干上一杯，所以说“为君饮”，这三个字宛然侠少声口。不过是平常的相逢论交，在诗人笔下，被描绘得多么有声有色，多么富于动作性、戏剧性！
“系马高楼垂柳边”，这是生动精采的一笔。本来就要借饮酒写少年游侠，上句又已点明“为君饮”，箭在弦上，落句似必写宴饮场面。然而作者的笔却只写到酒楼前就戛然而止。“三杯吐然诺，五岳倒为轻。眼花耳热后，意气素霓生”等情景统统留到幕后。这样侧面虚写要比正面实写宴饮场景有诗意得多，含蕴丰富得多。诗人的意图，看来是要写出一种侠少特有的富于诗意的生活情调、精神风貌，而这，不是靠描摹宴饮场面能达到的。虚处传神，末句所用的正是这种艺术手法。这一句是由马、高楼、垂柳组成的一幅画面。马是侠客不可分的伴侣，写马，正所以衬托侠少的英武豪迈。高楼则正是在繁华街市上那所备有新丰美酒的华美酒楼了。高楼旁的垂柳，则与之相映成趣。它点缀了酒楼风光，使之在华美、热闹中显出雅致、飘逸，不流于市井的鄙俗。而这一切，又都是为了创造一种富于浪漫气息的生活情调，为突出侠少的精神风貌服务。
同样写少年游侠，高适的“未知肝胆向谁是，令人却忆平原君”（《邯郸少年行》），就显然渗透了诗人自己沉沦不遇的深沉感慨，而王维笔下的少年游侠，则具有相当浓厚的浪漫气息和理想化色彩。但这种理想化并不给人任何虚假之感，关键就在于诗中洋溢着浓郁的生活气息和诗人对这种生活的诗意感受。
【Simple Translation】
The poem “Young Man’s Journey” is a group of four poems by Wang Wei. The four poems are divided into four parts: “The Young Man in Chang’an”, “The Young Man in Chang’an”, “The Young Man in Chang’an”, “The Young Man in Chang’an”, “The Young Man in Chang’an” and “The Young Man in Chang’an”. Each of them can stand alone, but together they are a whole, like a four-panel picture screen with connected characters.
The first song is about the daily life of a young ranger. It was a hesitant choice of material to show the spirit of the young ranger from the description of daily life. The poet carefully chose the typical scene of drinking in a high building. As the saying goes, “Three cups of wine will make the five mountains lighter.” By bringing the scene of drinking to life, the image of the young ranger will be revealed.
The first two lines are divided between “the beautiful wine of Xinfeng” and “the ranger of Xianyang”. The two are not necessarily related, but here they are written in pairs, giving the impression that although there are many famous people in the Beijing area, only the young ranger can be called one of the best, and the Xinfeng wine can be called the champion of wine. The two, like “fast horses must be healthy, healthy children must be fast horses” as well, there is an inseparable, complementary relationship. It seems that Xinfeng Meijiu was born for the young ranger to add color, and without Xinfeng Meijiu, the young ranger would not be able to show their boldness and elegance. The first line is very full of wine, and the second line is about the ranger, which only needs to be taken up with ease and a little bit, and the unrestrained spirit of the youngsters and the probability of spending money like dirt can be imagined. At the same time, the rhythm and tone of these two lines constitute a unique light and fluent tone, and the recitation of the young wanderer’s self-contained and self-appreciative look is also evident. The first two lines are about the wine and the young wanderer, and the third line, “I will drink for you when we meet”, links the two together. The “spirit” is very rich in content, including the heroic sentiment of lightly serving one’s country, the chivalrous character of being righteous, the unrestrained temperament, the capricious style of making wine, and so on, which are all common characteristics of the chivalrous young man and can be included in the seemingly all-inclusive “spirit”. . And all of this, the chivalrous young people, without long-term interaction, as long as they meet for a moment, talk about a few words, they can fall in love with each other, as soon as they meet. This is the so-called “meet the intention”. Road to meet a confidant, each other feel to each other to dry a cup, so that “for the gentleman drink”, the three words just like chivalry less sound mouth. The poet’s writing depicts how vivid, how action-packed and dramatic the ordinary meeting of friends is!
”This is a vivid and brilliant stroke. The first line is about to write about the young wanderer by drinking wine, and the first line has already pointed out that “I drink for you”, and the arrow is on the string, so the last line seems to be about the banquet scene. However, the author’s pen only reaches the front of the restaurant and stops abruptly. “Three cups of vomit and promise, five mountains fall to light. The scene is left behind the scenes. This is much more poetic and richer than the actual feast scene. The poet’s intention seems to be to write a kind of poetic life style and spirit unique to the chivalrous young man, which can not be achieved by copying the banquet scene. The last line uses this artistic technique to convey the spirit of the imaginary place. This line is a picture composed of horses, tall buildings and weeping willows. The horse is the inseparable companion of the chivalrous man, so the horse is written to set off the heroic and heroic young man. The tall building is a gorgeous restaurant in a busy market with a new abundance of beautiful wine. Willow next to the building, and it is a reflection of the interest. It embellished the scenery of the restaurant, so that the beauty and bustle in the elegant, elegant, not flowing in the marketplace of vulgarity. All this is to create a romantic mood of life, to highlight the spirit of the chivalrous young man.
Gao Shi’s “I don’t know who my liver and guts are, but I remember the gentleman of the plain” (“Handan Young Man’s Journey”) is obviously permeated with the poet’s own deep emotion of sinking without encounter, while Wang Wei’s young wanderer has a rather strong romantic atmosphere and idealized color. But this idealization does not give people any false sense; the key lies in the poem’s rich flavor of life and the poet’s poetic feeling of this life.
