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《将进酒》原是汉乐府短箫铙歌的曲调，标题的意思为“劝酒歌”，内容多是咏唱喝酒放歌之事。这首诗是诗人当时和友人岑勋在嵩山另一老友元丹丘的颍阳山居作客，作者正值仕途遇挫之际，所以借酒兴诗，来了一次酣畅淋漓的抒发。在这首诗里，李白“借题发挥”，借酒消愁，感叹人生易老，抒发了自己怀才不遇的心情。
这首诗十分形象的体现了李白桀骜不驯的性格：对自己充满自信、孤高自傲、热情豪放，“天生我材必有用”、“人生得意须尽欢”。全诗气势豪迈，感情豪放，言语流畅，具有极强的感染力。李白咏酒的诗歌非常能体现他的个性，思想内容深沉，艺术表现成熟。《将进酒》即为其代表作。
诗歌发端是两组整齐的长句，如挟天风海雨向读者迎面扑来。“君不见，黄河之水天上来，奔流到海不复回”，颍阳去黄河不远，登高纵目，故借以起兴。黄河源远流长，落差极大，如从天而降，一泻千里，东走大海。如此波澜壮阔的现象，必定不是肉眼能够看到的，作者是幻想的，言语带有夸张。上句写大河之来，势不可挡；下句写大河之去，势不可回。一涨一消，构成舒卷往复的咏叹味，是短促的单句（如“黄河落天走东海”）所没有的。紧接着，“君不见，高堂明镜悲白发，朝如青丝暮成雪”，恰似一波未平、一波又起。如果说前二句为空间范畴的夸张，这二句则是时间范畴的夸张。悲叹人生苦短，而又不直言，却说“高堂明镜悲白发”，一种搔首顾影、徒呼奈何的神态宛如画出。将人生由青春到老的全过程说成“朝”“暮”之事，把原本就短暂的说得更为短暂，与前两句把原本壮阔的说得更为壮阔，是“反向”的夸张。开篇“以河之水一去不复返喻人生易逝”，“以黄河的伟大永恒形出生命的渺小脆弱”。这个开端可谓悲感至极，却又不堕纤弱，可以说是巨人式的感伤，具有惊心动魄的艺术力量，同时也是由长句排比开篇的气势感造成的。这种开篇的方法作者经常用，比如“弃我去者，昨日之日不可留；乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧”（《宣城谢朓楼饯别校书叔云》），沈德潜说：“此种格调，太白从心化出”，可见其颇具创造性。此诗两作“君不见”的呼告（一般乐府诗只是篇首或篇末偶尔用），又使诗句感情色彩大增。所谓大开大阖者，此可谓大开。
“人生得意须尽欢”，这似乎是宣扬及时行乐的思想，然而只不过是现象而已。诗人“得意”过没有？“凤凰初下紫泥诏，谒帝称觞登御筵”（《玉壶吟》）似乎得意过；然而那不过是一场幻影。“弹剑作歌奏苦声，曳裾王门不称情”（《行路难三首·其二》）又似乎并没有得意，有的是失望与愤慨，但并不就此消沉。诗人于是用乐观好强的口吻肯定人生，肯定自我：“天生我材必有用”，这是一个令人鼓掌赞叹的好句子。“有用”而且“必”，非常的自信，简直像是人的价值宣言，而这个人“我”是需要大写的。于是，从貌似消极的现象中透露出了深藏其内的一种怀才不遇而又渴望入世的积极的态度。正是“长风破浪会有时”，应为这样的未来痛饮高歌，破费又算得了什么！
“千金散尽还复来！”这又是一个高度自信的惊人之句，能驱使金钱而不为金钱所使，这足以令所有凡夫俗子们咋舌。诗如其人，想诗人“曩昔东游维扬，不逾一年，散金三十馀万”（《上安州裴长史书》），是何等的豪举。所以此句是深蕴在骨子里的豪情，绝非装腔作势者可以得其万分之一。与此气派相当，作者描绘了一场盛筵，那决不是“菜要一碟乎，两碟乎？酒要一壶乎，两壶乎？”而是整头整头地“烹羊宰牛”，不喝上“三百杯”决不罢休。多痛快的筵宴，又是多么豪壮的诗句！至此，狂放之情趋于高潮，诗的旋律加快。“岑夫子，丹丘生，将进酒，杯莫停！”几个短句忽然加入，不但使诗歌节奏富于变化， 而且使我们似乎听到了诗人在席上频频地劝酒。既是生逢知己，又是酒逢对手，不但“忘形到尔汝”，诗人甚至忘了是在写诗，笔下之诗似乎还原为生活，他还要“与君歌一曲，请君为我倾耳听”。以下八句就是诗中之歌了，这纯粹是神来之笔。
“钟鼓馔玉”即富贵生活（富贵人家吃饭时鸣钟列鼎，食物精美如玉），可诗人却认为这“不足贵”，并放言“但愿长醉不复醒”。诗情至此，便分明由狂放转而为愤激。这里不仅是酒后吐狂言，而且是酒后吐真言了。以“我”天生有用之才，本当位极卿相，飞黄腾达，然而“大道如青天，我独不得出”（《行路难三首·其二》）。说富贵“不足贵”，乃是出于愤慨。以下“古来圣贤皆寂寞”二句亦属愤语。诗人曾喟叹“自言管葛竟谁许”，说古人“寂寞”，其实也表现出了自己的“寂寞”，所以才愿长醉不醒了。这里，诗人是用古人的酒杯，浇自己的块垒。说到“唯有饮者留其名”，便举出“陈王”曹植作代表。并化用其《名都篇》“归来宴平乐，美酒斗十千”之句。古来酒徒很多，而为何偏举“陈王”，这又与李白一向自命不凡分不开，他心目中树为榜样的都是谢安这些高级人物，而这类人物当中，“陈王”曹植与酒联系得比较多。这样写便有了气派，与前文极度自信的口吻一贯。再者，“陈王”曹植于曹丕、曹睿两朝备受猜忌，有志难展，也激起诗人的同情。一提“古来圣贤”，二提“陈王”曹植，满满的不平之气。此诗开始似乎只涉及人生感慨，而不染指政治色彩，其实全篇饱含了一种深广的忧愤和对自我的信念。诗情之所以悲而不伤，悲而能壮，即根源在此。
刚露一点深衷，又说回酒了，而且看起来酒兴更高了。以下诗情再入狂放，而且愈来愈狂。“主人何为言少钱”，既照应“千金散尽”句，又故作跌宕，引出最后一番豪言壮语：即便千金散尽，也不惜将名贵宝物“五花马”（毛色作五花纹的良马）、“千金裘”（昂贵的皮衣）用来换美酒，图个一醉方休。这结尾之妙，不仅在于“呼儿”“与尔”，口气甚大；而且具有一种作者一时可能觉察不到的将宾作主的任诞情态。须知诗人不过是被友招饮的客人，此刻他却高踞一席，气使颐指，提议典裘当马，令人不知谁是“主人”，浪漫色彩极浓。快人快语，非不拘形迹的豪迈知交断不能出此。诗情至此狂放至极，令人嗟叹咏歌，直欲“手之舞之，足之蹈之”。情犹未已，诗已告终，突然又迸出一句“与尔同销万古愁”，与开篇之“悲”关合，而“万古愁”的含义更其深沉。这“白云从空，随风变灭”的结尾，显见诗人奔涌跌宕的感情激流。通观全篇，真是大起大落，非如椽巨笔不办。
《将进酒》篇幅不算长，却五音繁会，气象不凡。它笔酣墨饱，情极悲愤而作狂放，语极豪纵而又沉着。全篇具有震动古今的气势与力量，这诚然与夸张手法不无关系，比如诗中屡用巨额数字（“千金”、“三百杯”、“斗酒十千”、“千金裘”、“万古愁”等等）表现豪迈诗情，同时，又不给人空洞浮夸感，其根源就在于它那充实深厚的内在感情，那潜在酒话底下如波涛汹涌的郁怒情绪。此外，全篇大起大落，诗情忽翕忽张，由悲转乐、转狂放、转愤激、再转狂放、最后结穴于“万古愁”，回应篇首，如大河奔流，有气势，亦有曲折，纵横捭阖，力能扛鼎。其歌中有歌的包孕写法，又有鬼斧神工、“绝去笔墨畦径”之妙，既非鑱刻能学，又非率尔可到。通篇以七言为主，而又以三、五言句“破”之，极参差错综之致；诗句以散行为主，又以短小的对仗语点染（如“岑夫子，丹丘生”，“五花马，千金裘”），节奏疾徐尽变，奔放而不流易。《唐诗别裁》谓“读李诗者于雄快之中，得其深远宕逸之神，才是谪仙人面目”，此篇足以当之。▲
appreciate
“Will Drink” was originally the tune of Han Yuefu’s short flute and nao song. The title means “Song of Persuading Wine”, and the content is mostly singing about drinking and singing. This poem was a guest of the poet and his friend Cen Xun at Yingyang Mountain Residence in Yuandanqiu, another old friend of Songshan Mountain. The author was at the time of frustration in his official career, so he took the opportunity to express his poem by drinking. In this poem, Li Bai “makes use of the topic”, drowns his sorrows in wine, laments that life is easy to get old, and expresses his feelings of missing talents.
This poem vividly reflects Li Bai’s rebellious character: full of confidence, aloof and arrogant, enthusiastic and bold, “I am naturally born to be useful”, “I must be happy when I am proud”. The poem is full of heroic momentum, bold feelings, fluent speech and strong appeal. Li Bai’s poems on wine can very well reflect his personality, with deep ideological content and mature artistic expression. “Going to Wine” is his representative work.
The beginning of the poem is two groups of neat long sentences, such as carrying the wind, sea and rain to the reader. “If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River comes up from the sky and runs to the sea, never to return”. Yingyang is not far from the Yellow River, so he can climb high and look at it. The Yellow River has a long history and a great drop, like falling from the sky and rushing thousands of miles eastward to the sea. Such a magnificent phenomenon must not be visible to the naked eye. The author is imaginative, with exaggerated words. The last sentence says that the coming of the river is irresistible; The next sentence says that the river cannot be turned back. One rise and one fall, forming a rolling and reciprocating aria, which is not found in short sentences (such as “The Yellow River falls into the sky and goes to the East China Sea”). Then, “In the absence of you, the bright mirror in the high hall mourns for white hair, and the morning is as green as the evening snow.” It seems that one wave is not flat, and another wave is rising. If the first two sentences are exaggerations in the space category, these two sentences are exaggerations in the time category. He lamented the short life, but didn’t say it directly, but said that “the mirror in the high hall is sad for white hair”, which was like a painting. It is a “reverse” exaggeration to describe the whole process of life from youth to old age as “morning” and “evening”. At the beginning, “The water of the river is gone forever, which is a metaphor for the perishability of life”, and “The greatness and eternity of the Yellow River form the small and fragile life”. This beginning can be said to be extremely sad, but not weak. It can be said to be a giant sentimental, with breathtaking artistic power, and also caused by the momentum of the beginning of the long sentences. This opening method is often used by the author. For example, “Those who abandon me can’t stay yesterday’s day; those who disturb my mind can worry about today’s day” (“Farewell to Shuyun at Xie Tiao Building in Xuancheng”). Shen Deqian said: “This style is too white from the heart”, which shows that it is quite creative. The two poems in this poem call for “you can’t see” (generally, Yuefu poems are only used occasionally at the beginning or the end of a poem), which greatly increases the emotional color of the poem. The so-called grand opening and closing can be described as grand opening.
“You must be happy when you are happy”, which seems to promote the idea of instant gratification, but it is just a phenomenon. Has the poet ever been “proud”? “At the beginning, the phoenix issued a purple mud edict, and called the emperor to the imperial banquet” (“Yu Hu Yin”) seemed to be proud of it; However, it was just an illusion. “Playing swords and singing bitter songs, I don’t feel like the king’s family” (The Second of the Three Difficulties on the Road) seems to have no pride. Some people are disappointed and indignant, but they are not depressed. The poet then affirmed life and self with an optimistic and forceful tone: “I am naturally born with useful materials”, which is a good sentence that makes people applaud and admire. “Useful” and “must”, very confident, almost like a human value declaration, and this person’s “I” needs to be capitalized. Therefore, from the seemingly negative phenomenon, a positive attitude of missing talents and eager to enter the WTO is revealed. It is “the long wind and waves will sometimes” that should drink and sing loudly for such a future. What is the cost!
“Once the gold is gone, it will come back!” This is another amazing sentence with high confidence. It can drive money instead of money, which is enough to surprise all ordinary people. A poem is like a person. What a heroic move it was for the poet to “travel to Weiyang in the past, and within a year, he scattered more than 300000 yuan of gold” (History of Pei Chang in Shang’an Prefecture). Therefore, this sentence is a kind of lofty sentiment deeply embedded in the bones, and it is by no means one who puts on airs can get one ten thousandth of it. The author described a feast with the same style. It was not “one dish of food, two dishes of food, one pot of wine, two pots of wine”, but “cooking sheep and slaughtering cattle”, and never stop drinking “three hundred cups”. What a feast and what a magnificent poem! So far, the wild feeling tends to climax, and the melody of the poem accelerates. “Master Cen, Danqiu is born. Don’t stop drinking!” A few short sentences were suddenly added, which not only changed the rhythm of the poem, but also made us seem to hear the poet repeatedly urging us to drink at the table. As a friend in life and an opponent in wine, the poet not only “forgot his mind”, but even forgot that he was writing poems. The poems he wrote seemed to revert to life, and he also “sang a song with you, please listen to it for me”. The following eight sentences are the songs in the poem, which are purely divine.
“Bell drums and jade dishes” means a life of wealth (the rich and noble families ring bells when they eat, and the food is exquisite as jade), but the poet thinks that it is “not expensive”, and says “I hope I will never wake up after being drunk”. At this point, the poetry clearly turned from wild to furious. It’s not only crazy words after drinking, but also true words after drinking. “I” was born with a useful talent. I was originally a very important person and became prosperous. However, “The road is as blue as the sky, and I can’t get it alone” (“Three Difficulties on the Road – Two”). To say that wealth is “less expensive” is out of indignation. The following two sentences, “All ancient sages are lonely”, are also angry words. The poet once sighed, “Who would like to govern Ge?” and said that the ancients were “lonely”. In fact, they also showed their “loneliness”, so they would like to be drunk forever. Here, the poet poured his own block with the ancient wine cup. Speaking of “only the drinkers keep their names”, Cao Zhi, the “King of Chen”, was cited as a representative. He also used the sentence in his famous capital chapter, “When you come back, you can have a feast and have a good wine fight”. There have been many drinkers in ancient times, but Li Bai has always been conceited about why he chose the “King Chen”. In his mind, Xie An and other senior figures are the role models. Among these figures, Cao Zhi, the “King Chen”, has much to do with wine. This kind of writing has a style, consistent with the extremely confident tone of the previous article. Moreover, Cao Zhi, the “King Chen”, was under suspicion in Cao Pi and Cao Rui dynasties, and his ambition was difficult to develop, which also aroused the poet’s sympathy. The first mention of “ancient sages” and the second mention of “King Chen” Cao Zhi are full of grievances. At the beginning, this poem seems to involve only feelings of life, not political color. In fact, the whole poem is full of a deep and broad sense of sorrow and anger and belief in self. The reason why poetry is sad but not hurt, sad but strong, that is, the root here.
Just revealed a little deep feelings, and said that the wine was back, and it seemed that the wine was more enjoyable. The following poems are wild again, and more and more crazy. “Why does the master say that he is short of money?” He not only takes care of the sentence “The thousand gold has gone away”, but also pretends to be dramatic, which leads to the last heroic statement: Even if the thousand gold has gone away, he would not hesitate to use the precious treasures “Five Flower Horse” (the fine horse with five patterns in fur color) and “Thousand Gold Fur” (the expensive leather coat) to exchange for good wine and try to get drunk. The beauty of this ending is not only that “Hu’er” and “You’er” have a big tone; And it has a kind of arbitrary attitude that the author may not be aware of at the moment. It should be noted that the poet is just a guest who has been invited to drink by his friends. At this moment, he occupies a high position and makes a point of anger. He suggests that the horse should be a horse. It is unknown who is the “master”. It is very romantic. You can’t leave here unless you are bold and confident. The poetry is so unrestrained that it makes people sigh and sing songs, and they always want to “dance with hands and dance with feet”. When the feeling is still not there, and the poem has ended, suddenly a sentence “to sell the everlasting sorrow with you” pops out, which is related to the “sadness” at the beginning of the article, and the meaning of “everlasting sorrow” is more profound. The ending of “white clouds disappear from the sky with the wind” shows the poet’s surging feelings. Looking at the whole article, it is really a big rise and fall, not like a giant pen.
“Coming to Wine” is not very long, but it has five tones and extraordinary atmosphere. It is full of pen and ink, extremely sad and indignant, and unrestrained, extremely arrogant and calm. The whole poem has the momentum and power to shake the ancient and modern times, which is certainly related to exaggeration. For example, the poem often uses huge numbers (“thousands of gold”, “three hundred cups”, “ten thousand wine fighting”, “thousands of gold furs”, “eternal sorrow”, etc.) to express heroic poetry, while at the same time, it does not give people a sense of empty exaggeration. The root is its rich and profound inner feelings, which are like turbulent anger under the potential wine talk. In addition, the whole article rises and falls sharply, and the poetic sentiment changes from sadness to music, from arrogance to outrage, from outrage to arrogance, and finally to “eternal sorrow”. The response to the first part of the article is like a big river flowing, with momentum and twists and turns. It is capable of carrying the tripod with great power. In his songs, there is a method of writing songs, and there is also a magic skill of ghost axe and “no ink border”. It is neither easy to learn nor easy to get. The whole article is mainly composed of seven words, but also “broken” with three or five words, which is extremely involved in error synthesis; The poem is mainly composed of scattered lines and short antithetical words (such as “Master Cen, Danqiu”, “Five Flower Horses, Thousand Golden Furs”). The rhythm changes rapidly and slowly, and is bold but not easy. “Tang Poetry Genres” says that “the person who reads Li’s poetry is in the midst of being vigorous and fast, and he is the face of an immortal who is banished because of his profound and leisurely spirit.”. ▲
