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月夜
今夜鄜州[1]月，
闺中[2]只独看。
遥怜[3]小儿女，
未解[4]忆长安。
香雾云鬟湿，
清辉玉臂寒。
何时倚虚幌[5]，
双照泪痕干！
公元756年六月，安禄山叛军攻进潼关，杜甫携家逃到鄜州羌村。八月杜甫离家，途中被叛军捉住，送到沦陷后的长安，望月思家，写下了这首《月夜》。诗人不说自己思念家人，反说妻子思念自己，可见双方都在思念。“独看”二字，暗示过去曾经同看，更增添了思念之情。说儿女“未解忆长安”，反衬妻子的“忆”，又突出了“独”字；雾湿云鬟，月寒玉臂，想象妻子望月时间越久，思念越深，不免热泪盈眶，而这眼泪却是最后的“双照泪痕干”泄露出来的。既然双照泪痕才干，独看自然是泪痕不干了。“独看”和“双照”是诗眼，“独看”在诗人是现实，在妻子是想象；“双照”却包括回忆和希望。本诗词旨委婉，章法紧密，所以古人说：“五律至此，无忝诗圣矣！”
注释：
[1]鄜（fū）州：今陕西省延安市富县。
[2]闺中：指作者的妻子。
[3]怜：疼爱。
[4]未解：不懂。
[5]虚幌：薄又透明的帐子。
A Moonlit Night
On the moon over Fuzhou which shines bright,
Alone you would gaze in your room tonight.
I’m grieved to think our little children are
Too young to yearn for their father afar.
Your cloudlike hair is moist with dew, it seems;
Your jade-white arms would feel the cold moonbeams.
O when can we stand by the windowside,
Watching the moon with our tear traces dried?
《月夜》是唐代大诗人杜甫创作的一首五言律诗，是作者被禁于长安时望月思家之作。此诗借助想象，抒写妻子对自己的思念，也写出自己对妻子的思念。首联想象妻子在鄜州望月思念自己，说透诗人在长安的思亲心情；颔联说儿女随母望月而不理解其母的思念亲人之情，表现诗人想念儿女、体贴妻子之情；颈联写想象中的妻子望月长思，充满悲伤的情绪；尾联寄托希望，以将来相聚共同望月，反衬今日相思之苦。全诗构思新奇，章法紧密，明白如话，情真意切，深婉动人。
“A Moonlit Night” is a poem in five lines written by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty, when the author was banned from Chang’an and thought about his family. This poem uses imagination to express his wife’s thoughts about himself and his own thoughts about his wife. The first couplet imagines his wife looking at the moon in Shaanxi Province and thinking of himself, which expresses the poet’s feeling of missing his family in Chang’an; the third couplet says that his children look at the moon with their mother but do not understand their mother’s feeling of missing their relatives, which shows the poet’s feeling of missing his children and being considerate of his wife; the neck couplet writes about his imaginary wife looking at the moon and thinking of her, which is full of sadness; the last couplet expresses the hope that we will meet in the future and look at the moon together, which contrasts with the suffering of longing for each other today. The whole poem is novel in conception, close in chapter, clear as words, sincere in feeling and touching in feeling.
