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悲陈陶[1]
孟冬[2]十郡[3]良家子[4]，
血作陈陶泽中水。
野旷天清无战声[5]，
四万义军[6]同日死。
群胡归来血洗箭，
仍唱胡歌饮都市。
都人回面向北啼[7]，
日夜更望官军至。
公元756年冬天，安禄山叛军在长安西北的陈陶泽和唐军作战，唐军义兵四五万人来自西北十郡（今陕西一带），几乎全军覆没，血染陈陶战场，景象惨不忍睹。杜甫当时被困长安，写下了这首纪实诗。第三句“野旷天清无战声”，仿佛天地都在沉痛哀悼牺牲的义士。第五、六句写叛军的骄横得意，衬托出第七、八句人民的悲伤，只有寄希望于官军收复长安了。诗人不只是客观地展现伤痛，而且写出了人民的感情和希望。
注释：
[1]陈陶：地名，在长安西北。
[2]孟冬：农历十月。
[3]十郡（jùn）：指秦中各郡。
[4]良家子：从家世清白的人家中征召的青年士兵。
[5]无战声：战事结束，旷野一片安静。
[6]义军：所有为国牺牲的士兵。
[7]向北啼：唐肃宗驻扎于长安北方的灵武，所以百姓向北而啼。
Lament on the Defeat at Chentao
In early winter noble sons of household good
Blended with water in Chentao mires their pure blood.
No more war cry beneath the sky on the vast plain;
In one day forty thousand loyal warriors slain.
The enemy came back with blood-stained arrows long;
They drank in market place and shouted barbarous song.
Our countrymen turned north their faces bathed in tears;
Day and night they expect the royal cavaliers.
《悲陈陶》是唐代大诗人杜甫的作品。此诗讲述的是唐肃宗至德元载（756年）冬，唐军跟安史叛军在陈陶作战，唐军四五万人几乎全军覆没的情事。前四句渲染战败后肃穆沉重的氛围；后四句先写胡兵的骄横，后写长安人民对官军收复长安的渴望。全诗寓主观于客观，把对胡虏的仇恨、对官军的痛惜、对长安百姓的同情、对国家命运的忧虑等种种感情，都凝聚在特定的场面中，体现出一种悲壮的美。
The poem “Lament on the Defeat at Chentao” is a work by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. The poem tells the story of the battle between the Tang army and the An-shi rebels at Chentao in the winter of 756, the first year of Emperor Su Zong’s reign, in which almost all of the Tang army was wiped out. The first four lines render the solemn and heavy atmosphere after the defeat; the second four lines write first about the arrogance of the Hu soldiers and later about the desire of the people of Chang’an for the official army to recover Chang’an. The whole poem combines the subjective with the objective, and the feelings of hatred for the Hu soldiers, sorrow for the official army, sympathy for the people of Chang’an, and concern for the fate of the country are all coalesced in a specific scene, reflecting a kind of sad beauty.
