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旅夜书怀
细草微风岸，
危[1]樯[2]独夜舟。
星垂[3]平野阔，
月涌大江流。
名岂文章著？
官应老病休[4]。
飘飘何所似？
天地一沙鸥。
公元765年，杜甫因为严武去世，失去依靠，携家离开成都草堂，坐船东下，在渝州一带写了这首五言律诗。诗的前半写“旅夜”。第一句写近景：微风吹拂着江岸上的细草，竖着高高桅杆的小船孤独地停泊在月光之下；自己也像细草一样渺小，像江中小船一样孤独。第三、四句写远景：明星低垂，平野广阔，月随波涌，大江东流。这两句写景雄浑阔大，反衬出诗人的孤苦伶仃和颠沛无告的心态，这是以乐景写哀情的手法。诗的后半“抒怀”。第五、六句说，有点名声，哪里是因为我的文章好？做官，倒应该年老多病就退休了。最后两句说，飘然一身像个什么呢？不过像广阔天地间的一只沙鸥罢了。这样借景抒情，表现了诗人漂泊无依的心理状态，令人感慨系之。
注释：
[1]危：高。
[2]樯：桅杆。
[3]垂：低垂。
[4]官应老病休：一说反语，应为“老病应休官”。
Mooring at Night
Riverside grass caressed by wind so light,
A lonely mast seems to pierce lonely night.
The boundless plain fringed with stars hanging low,
The moon surges with the river on the flow.
Will fame ever come to a man of letters
Old, ill, retired, no official life betters?
What do I look like, drifting on so free?
A wild gull seeking shelter on the sea.
《旅夜书怀》是唐代诗人杜甫创作的一首五言律诗。这首诗既写旅途风情，更感伤老年多病、漂泊无依的心境。首联写江夜近景，刻画了孤舟月夜的寂寞境界。颔联写远景，雄浑阔大，“星垂”烘托出原野之广阔，‘“月涌”渲染出江流的气势，以乐景写哀情，反衬出他孤苦伶仃的形象和颠连无告的凄怆心情。颈联正话反说，抒发休官的忧愤。诗人的名声因文章而显赫，告病辞官，皆是由于远大的政治抱负长期被压抑而不能施展，尾联诗人以沙鸥自比，转徙江湖，声声哀叹，感人至深。全诗前二联写点明“旅夜”，后二联紧扣“书怀”，景中有情，融情于景，内容深刻，格调清丽，结构谨严，是杜甫诗歌中的经典作品。
A poem written by Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, is a poem in five lines. It is a poem about a journey, but also about the sadness of old age and wandering without support. The first couplet describes the near scene of the river at night, depicting the lonely situation of a lonely boat on a moonlit night. The first couplet is a distant scene, depicting the loneliness of the boat. The neck couplet speaks in the opposite direction, expressing his sorrow and anger at being discharged from the government. The poet’s fame is distinguished by his writings, but his resignation is due to the fact that his ambitious political aspirations have been suppressed for a long time and cannot be realized. The first two lines of the poem are about “the night of travel”, and the second two lines are about “the feelings of the book”, which is a classic work of Du Fu’s poetry, with its profound content, elegant style and strict structure.
