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丽人行
三月三日天气新，
长安水边多丽人。
态浓意远淑且真[1]，
肌理细腻骨肉匀。
绣罗衣裳照暮春，
蹙金孔雀银麒麟。
头上何所有？
翠微[2]叶[3]垂鬓唇[4]。
背后何所见？
珠压腰衱[5]稳称身。
就中云幕[6]椒房[7]亲，
赐名大国虢与秦。
紫驼之峰出翠釜，
水精之盘行素鳞。
犀箸厌饫久未下，
鸾刀缕切空纷纶。
黄门[8]飞鞚不动尘，
御厨络绎送八珍。
箫鼓哀吟感鬼神，
宾从杂遝[9]实要津。
后来鞍马何逡巡，
当轩下马入锦茵。
杨花雪落覆白苹，
青鸟飞去衔红巾。
炙手可热势绝伦，
慎莫近前丞相嗔。
这首诗约作于公元755年，是讽刺杨贵妃兄妹骄奢荒淫的作品。前十句泛写曲江水边踏青的丽人之众多，仪容之娴雅，体态之优美，衣着之华丽。十一、十二句点明其中有杨家姊妹虢国夫人和秦国夫人。十三至十八句写盛宴的山珍海味。十九至二十二句写宾客盈门。二十三句“杨花雪落覆白苹”，“杨”字暗指杨国忠和虢国夫人的乱伦关系。下一句“青鸟飞去衔红巾”，青鸟是为他们私通传信的使者，红巾却是他们幽会的信物。梁启超在《情圣杜甫》中说：“如《丽人行》那首七古，全首将近二百字的长篇，完全立在第三者地位观察事实……全首二十六句中之二十四句，只是极力铺叙那种豪奢热闹情状，不仅字面上没有讥刺痕迹，连骨子里头也没有。直至结尾两句：‘炙手可热势绝伦，慎莫近前丞相嗔。’算是把主意一逗，但依然不着议论，完全让读者自己去批评，这种可以说是讽刺文学中之最高技术。”
注释：
[1]淑且真：形容女子美好而纯真，毫不做作。
[2]翠微：薄薄的翡翠片。
[3]（è）叶：一种女子发饰。
[4]鬓唇：鬓边。
[5]腰衱（jié）：裙带。
[6]云幕：指宫殿中的云状帷幕。
[7]椒房：汉代皇后居室。后世因称皇后为椒房。
[8]黄门：宦官。
[9]杂遝（tà）：行人众多，拥挤纷乱。
Satire on Fair Ladies
The weather’s fine in the third moon on the third day,
By riverside so many beauties in array.
Each of the ladies has a fascinating face,
Their skin is delicate, their manner full of grace.
Embroidered with peacocks and unicorns in gold,
Their dress in rich silks shines so bright when spring is old.
What do they wear on the head?
Emerald pendant leaves hang down in silver thread.
What do you see from behind?
How nice-fitting are their waistbands with pearls combined.
Among them there’re the emperor’s favorite kin,
Ennobled Duchess of Guo comes with Duchess of Qin.
What do they eat?
The purple meat
Of camel’s hump cooked in green cauldron as a dish;
On crystal plate is served snow-white slices of raw fish.
See rhino chopsticks the satiated eaters stay,
And untouched morsels carved by belled knives on the tray.
When eunuchs’ horses come running, no dust is raised;
They bring still more rare dishes delicious to the taste.
Listen to soul-stirring music of flutes and drums!
On the main road an official retinue comes.
A rider ambles on saddled horse, the last of all,
He alights, treads on satin carpet, enters the hall.
The willow down like snow falls on the duckweed white;
The blue bird picking red handkerchief goes in flight.
The prime minister’s powerful without a peer.
His angry touch would burn your hand. Do not come near!
《丽人行》是唐代大诗人杜甫的作品，约作于唐天宝十二载（753年）。此诗通过描写杨氏兄妹曲江春游的情景，揭露了统治者荒淫腐朽作威作福的丑态，从一个角度反映了安史之乱前夕的社会现实。诗分三段：先泛写游春仕女的体态之美和服饰之盛，引出主角杨氏姐妹的娇艳姿色；次写宴饮的豪华及所得的宠幸；末写杨国忠的骄横。全诗场面宏大，鲜艳富丽，笔调细腻生动，讽刺含蓄不露，通篇只是写“丽人”们的生活情形，却达到了如前人所说“无一刺讥语，描摹处语语刺讥；无一慨叹声，点逗处声声慨叹”的艺术效果。
This poem was written around 753 by Du Fu, a great poet of the Tang Dynasty. By describing the spring excursions of the Yang siblings in Qujiang River, the poem exposes the scandalous attitude of the rulers who were despicable and corrupt, and reflects the social reality on the eve of the An-shi Rebellion from one perspective. The poem is divided into three sections: first, a general description of the beauty of the ladies’ bodies and their costumes, leading to the delicate beauty of the Yang sisters; second, the luxury of the banquet and the favors they received; and finally, the arrogance of Yang Guozhong. The whole poem is a grand scene, bright and rich, with delicate and vivid tone, and the irony is not exposed, the whole poem is just about the life of the “ladies”, but it achieves, as the previous writer said, “there is no sarcasm, the description of the words sarcasm; there is no lamentation, the point of the lamentation”. The artistic effect.
