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赠白马王彪
曹植
谒帝[1]承明庐[2]，逝将归旧疆。
清晨发皇邑[3]，日夕过首阳[4]。
伊洛[5]广且深，欲济川无梁[6]。
泛舟越洪涛，怨彼东路长。
顾瞻恋城阙[7]，引领[8]情内伤。
太谷[9]何寥廓，山树郁苍苍。
霖雨[10]泥我涂，流潦[11]浩纵横。
中逵绝无轨[12]，改辙登高岗。
修坂造云日[13]，我马玄以黄[14]。
玄黄犹能进，我思郁以纡[15]。
郁纡将何念？亲爱[16]在离居。
本图相与偕[17]，中更[18]不克俱。
鸱枭[19]鸣衡轭[20]，豺狼当路衢[21]。
苍蝇间白黑，谗巧令亲疏。
欲还绝无蹊[22]，揽辔[23]止踟蹰。
踟蹰亦何留？相思无终极。
秋风发微凉，寒蝉[24]鸣我侧。
原野何萧条，白日忽西匿[25]。
归鸟赴乔林[26]，翩翩厉[27]羽翼。
孤兽走索群[28]，衔草不遑[29]食。
感物伤我怀，抚心长太息。
太息[30]将何为？天命与我违。
奈何念同生，一往形不归。
孤魂翔故域[31]，灵柩寄京师。
存者忽复过，亡殁身自衰[32]。
人生处一世，去若朝露晞[33]。
年在桑榆[34]间，影响[35]不能追。
自顾非金石，咄唶[36]令心悲。
心悲动我神，弃置莫复陈[37]。
丈夫志四海，万里犹比邻。
恩爱苟[38]不亏，在远分日亲[39]。
何必同衾帱[40]，然后展殷勤[41]。
忧思成疾疢[42]，无乃儿女仁[43]。
仓卒骨肉情，能不怀苦辛？
苦辛何虑思？天命信[44]可疑。
虚无求列仙，松子[45]久吾欺。
变故[46]在斯须[47]，百年谁能持？
离别永无会，执手将何时？
王其爱玉体，俱享黄发[48]期。
收泪即[49]长路，援笔从此辞[50]。
注释：
[1] 谒帝：觐见皇帝。
[2] 承明庐：《三国志·魏书·文帝纪》裴注：“是时帝(指魏文帝）居北宫，以建始殿朝群臣，门曰承明，陈思王植诗曰‘谒帝承明庐’是也。”
[3] 皇邑：皇都洛阳。
[4] 首阳：山名，在洛阳东北。
[5] 伊洛：两水名。伊水源出河南熊耳山，至今偃师市入洛水；洛水源出陕西冢岭山，至今河南巩义市入黄河。
[6] 梁：桥梁。
[7] 顾瞻：回头观望。城阙：指都城洛阳。
[8] 引领：伸长脖子，形容远望。
[9] 太谷：谷名，在洛阳东南五十里。
[10] 霖雨：连下不停的雨。
[11] 流潦：指积水。
[12] 中逵：道路交错的地方。轨：轨道，指车道。
[13] 造云日：形容山坡高达云日。造，至。
[14] 玄以黄：指马因累而生病的样子。
[15] 纡：屈曲难解。
[16] 亲爱：这里指兄弟白马王曹彪。
[17] 偕：一起。
[18] 中更：中途改变。
[19] 鸱枭：猫头鹰，古人认为是恶鸟，此处喻奸邪小人。
[20] 衡轭：代指皇帝的车驾。衡，古代车辕上的横木。軏，车衡与车辕前端衔接处的销钉。用于大车的称輗，用于小车的軏。
[21] 当：阻挡。衢，通达四方的路。
[22] 蹊：小路。
[23] 揽辔：握着马缰绳。
[24] 寒蝉：蝉的一种，又名寒蜩，较小，鸣则天凉。
[25] 匿：隐藏。
[26] 乔林：高大的树林。
[27] 厉：用力振动。
[28] 走：跑。索：寻找。
[29] 不遑：没有时间。
[30] 太息：叹息。
[31] 故域：指曹彰生前的封地任城。
[32] 存者：指自己和白马王曹彪。亡殁：指死去的任城王曹彰。
[33] 晞：干。
[34] 桑榆：二星名。每当傍晚时太阳就会运行到桑榆间。此处比喻人至晚年。
[35] 影响：光影、声音。此以影响易逝难追比喻晚年岁月。
[36] 咄唶：惊叹声。
[37] 陈：陈述。
[38] 苟：倘使。
[39] 日亲：日益亲密。
[40] 衾：被子。帱：帐子。
[41] 殷勤：亲切的情意。
[42] 疾疢：疾病。
[43] 儿女仁：指儿女之间的亲情。仁，相亲相爱。
[44] 信：的确。
[45] 松子：赤松子，传说中的神仙名。
[46] 变故：发生灾祸。
[47] 斯须：转瞬之间。
[48] 黄发：人老后头发变黄。此谓高寿。
[49] 即：就，走上。
[50] 辞：辞别。
Song to the Prince of White Horse[1]
Cao Zhi
After the audience in the Brilliance Hall,
Then each of us returns to his domain.
At dawn we leave the royal capital;
At dusk the hill where brothers starved with pain.
The Rivers Yi and Luo are wide and deep,
And there’s no bridge across the two streams broad.
Over giant billows our boats bob and leap,
And we complain of long, long eastern road.
Looking back, from the city gate we part;
I crane my neck while sorrow gnaws my heart.
How vast and wild the valley great!
The shades of trees darken green hills.
Rain’s muddied my way desolate;
Crisscross the swollen water spills.
The road breaks midway, overflowed;
I veer and drive up mountains high.
An endless slope climbs to the cloud;
My tired horse feels dizzy and shy.
Dizzy, my horse can still go on;
Gloomy, my thoughts are sad and drear.
Sad and drear, what to think upon?
Far, far apart those dear and near.
We would together forward go;
Midway we have to separate.
At capital screech owl and crow;
Jackals and wolves bar royal gate.
Blue flies would turn white into black;
Between kinsmen slanderers stand.
There’s no way for me to go back;
I am at a loss, reins in hand.
Though at a loss, how can I stay?
I’ll think of you till we grow old.
The autumn wind brings chilly day;
By my side chirp cicadas cold.
How wilderness is bare and bleak!
The sun is soon lost in the west.
For the tall trees homing birds seek,
Flapping their wings towards their nest.
A lonely beast seeks its counterpart;
Grass in its jaws, when can it eat?
At their sight I feel sad at heart;
Deeply I sigh to slow its beat.
Deeply I sigh: What can I do?
I can’t oppose High Heaven’s will.
My brother born by my mother too,
Dead, cannot come over val and hill.
His lonely soul haunts his old place;
In capital his coffin stays.
The living pass away apace;
The dead will soon sink in decays.
In a short life a man appears,
And disappears like morning dew.
We’ll come to the end of our years
Like shadows we cannot pursue.
I’m not made of metal or stone.
How can I not be grieved alone!
l’m grieved, my spirit ill at ease.
Lay it aside and say no more!
A brave man aims at the four seas,
A thousand miles near as next door.
If love and bounty are well fed,
Distance cannot keep us apart.
Why should we share the quilt in bed
Before we can lay bare our heart?
If we are grieved as to fall sick,
Like women tears would fall in rain.
Our parting moves me to the quick.
Can I not brood with bitter pain?
What do I think of bitter pain?
Heaven’s decree can’t be believed.
I seek immortals but in vain;
By them I have long been deceived.
Change will come in a moment fleet.
Who can live to a hundred years old?
We part perhaps never to meet.
Who’ll clasp again your hand I hold?
Prince, take care of your body dear!
Let us enjoy old age in view!
I take my road and wipe my tears;
I write these lines as our adieu.
注释：
[1] Half brother of Cao Zhi, persecuted both by their eldest brother Cao Pi, emperor of Wei(reigned 220—226).
