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  此诗写乡思,题作“春夜洛城闻笛”,明示诗人因闻笛声而感发。题中“洛城”表明是客居,“春夜”点出季节及具体时间。

  全诗扣紧一个“闻”字,抒写自己闻笛的感受。诗的第一句是猜测性的问句。那未曾露面的吹笛人只管自吹自听,却不期然而打动了许许多多听众,这就是句中“暗”字所包含的意味。第二句说笛声由春风吹散,传遍了洛阳城。这是诗人的想象,也是艺术的夸张。第三句说明春风传来的笛声,吹奏的是表现离情别绪的《折杨柳》,于是紧接一句说,哪个能不被引发思念故乡家园的情感呢!水到渠成而戛然而止,因而余韵袅袅,久久萦绕于读者心间,令人回味无穷。

  “谁家玉笛暗飞声”,谁家的玉笛,在静夜里悄悄地响起?诗人或许正在读书、闲坐,或做着其他的事,一曲笛声不期然响起,夜深人静,笛声清远而动听。他被吸引住了,循声望去,却辨不清笛声来自哪里。“玉笛”,指玉制的笛,或笛子美称,或羌笛的代称。

  “散入春风满洛城”,春风徐徐,笛声飘散在风中,风又吹送笛声,飘满了洛阳城,让人想到“此曲只应天上有”。这一句虽带有艺术的夸张,却衬出笛声的动人、夜的安静。惟其如此,才会在诗人的听觉与想象中飘满洛城,似乎其他的声音都不存在了,似乎全城人都在凝神静听。

  “此夜曲中闻折柳”,今夜,缥缈的笛乐中,我听到了思乡怀亲的《折杨柳》。笛乐飘飘,如此动人,究竟吹的是什么曲子呢?“折柳”,即《折杨柳》,汉代横吹曲名,内容多写离别之情。如《旧唐书·乐志》载北朝流传的一首《折杨柳枝》:“上马不捉鞭,反拗杨柳枝。下马吹横笛,愁杀行客儿。”历代文人仿作的《折杨柳枝》曲辞,也都是抒发离愁别绪的。在这里,折柳既可理解为听到的是一首折柳曲,还可理解为在乐曲中听到了折柳的意绪。“柳”谐音“留”。古人送别亲友时,折柳相赠,暗示留恋、留念的意思。折柳既是一种习俗,也代表一个场景、一种情绪。古人还有折柳寄远的习惯,是盼远游亲人早归的意思。

  “何人不起故园情”,听到这笛声的,谁不会动思乡之情呢?联系第一句看,这种游子怀念故园的感情,最初可能是隐藏的、莫可名状的,因偶然听到的笛声突然明朗、强烈起来了。笛声来自何处,何人在吹,是和自己一般的游子?是乐工?是歌妓?这些都让诗人和读者去猜测。而这些又都无须一一去分别,因为思乡之情对游子来说,都是共有的。它绵绵不绝,弥漫在夜空中,缠绕在游子心头,抹不去化不开。“何人”一词概括性极强,实则是突出诗人思乡之情。

  短短的一首七言绝句,颇能显现李白的风格特点,即艺术表现上的主观倾向。热爱故乡是一种崇高的感情,它同爱国主义是相通的。诗人的故乡是他从小生于此,长于此的地方,作为祖国的一部分,那种形象尤其令诗人难以忘怀。李白这首诗写的是闻笛,但它的意义不限于描写音乐,还表达了对故乡的思念,这才是它感人的地方。李白的老家在四川,二十多岁就离家东游,后长期居住湖北、山东,春夜闻笛《折杨柳》曲,触发深长的乡思当是再自然不过的了。因此情真意切,扣人心弦,千百年来在旅人游子心中引发强烈的共鸣。▲

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This poem is about homesickness and is entitled “Hearing the flute in Luoyang on a spring night”, which indicates that the poet feels excited by hearing the flute sound. In the title, “Los Angeles” indicates a guest house, and “Spring Night” indicates the season and specific time.
The whole poem clasps a word “Wen” to express the feeling of listening to the flute. The first sentence of the poem is a guessing question. The unseen piper just played and listened to himself, but unexpectedly he touched many listeners, which is the meaning of the word “dark” in the sentence. The second sentence said that the sound of flute was dispersed by the spring wind and spread all over Luoyang. This is a poet’s imagination, but also an exaggeration of art. The third sentence explains that the flute sound from the spring wind is playing “Breaking the Willows”, which shows separation. Then the next sentence says, “Who can not be aroused to miss their hometown and homeland?”! When the water comes to an end, the aftertaste curls around the reader’s heart for a long time.
“Whose jade flute flies in the dark”, whose jade flute rings quietly in the quiet night? The poet may be reading, sitting idly, or doing other things. The sound of a flute will ring unexpectedly. The sound of the flute is clear and beautiful in the dead of night. He was attracted and looked around, but could not tell where the flute sound came from. “Jade flute” refers to the jade flute, or the beautiful name of flute, or the nickname of Qiang flute.
“The spring breeze is spreading all over Luoyang”. The spring breeze is gentle, and the flute sound is floating in the wind. The wind blows the flute sound again, and it floats all over Luoyang. It reminds people that “this song should only be played in the sky”. Although this sentence has artistic exaggeration, it sets off the moving sound of the flute and the quiet of the night. Only in this way can Los Angeles be filled with the poet’s hearing and imagination. It seems that no other sounds exist. It seems that the whole city is listening attentively.
“In this nocturne, I heard the willow folding”. Tonight, in the ethereal flute music, I heard the song “Breaking willows”, which was homesick and nostalgic. The flute music is so moving. What music is it playing? “Folding willows”, that is, “Folding willows”, was played horizontally in the Han Dynasty, and its content was mostly about parting feelings. For example, “Breaking willow branches”, a popular song in the Northern Dynasty, is recorded in the Old Book of Tang and Records of Music, which reads: “Get off the horse and don’t catch the whip, but beat the willow branches. Get off the horse and play the flute, and worry about killing travelers.” The lyrics of “Breaking willow branches”, which were imitated by literati in previous dynasties, also express the sadness of parting. Here, folding willows can be understood not only as hearing a song of folding willows, but also as hearing the mood of folding willows in the music. “Liu” is homophonic to “Liu”. When the ancients saw off their relatives and friends, they gave each other a gift of willows, which implied nostalgia. Folding willows is not only a custom, but also represents a scene and a mood. The ancients also had the habit of folding willows and sending them far away, which meant that they hoped their relatives would return home early.
“Who can’t afford to be homesick”? Who can’t feel homesick when hearing the flute? According to the first sentence, this kind of feeling of homesickness may be hidden and indescribable at first, because the flute sound heard by accident suddenly became clear and strong. Where does the flute sound come from? Who is playing it? A musician? Is it a geisha? These let poets and readers guess. And these need not be separated one by one, because homesickness is common to travelers. It is continuous, diffuse in the night sky, wrapped in the heart of the wanderer, can not be erased. The word “who” is very general, in fact, it highlights the poet’s homesickness.
A short seven character quatrain can quite show Li Bai’s style characteristics, that is, his subjective tendency in artistic expression. Loving one’s hometown is a lofty feeling, which is interlinked with patriotism. The poet’s hometown is the place where he was born and grew up. As a part of the motherland, that image is especially unforgettable for the poet. Li Bai’s poem is about listening to the flute, but its significance is not limited to describing music, but also expressing his yearning for his hometown, which is its moving place. Li Bai’s hometown is in Sichuan. He left home in his twenties and traveled eastward. Later, he lived in Hubei and Shandong for a long time. It is natural to hear the flute “Breaking Willows” on the spring night, which triggers profound homesickness. Therefore, it is sincere and exciting, which has aroused strong resonance in the hearts of tourists for thousands of years. ▲

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